NFPA 1914 Testing Fire Department Aerial Devices

Chapter 1 Administration

• This standard shall apply to the inspection and testing of all fire apparatus, regardless of year of manufacture, that are equipped with an aerial ladder, an elevating platform, or a water tower.
• Because aerial devices could become damaged and overstressed, the purpose of this standard shall be to specify the minimum inspection and testing requirements for aerial devices in an effort to ensure at least a minimum degree of safety under continued use.
• Nothing in this standard is intended to pre­vent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, dura­bility, and safety over those prescribed by this standard. Tech­nical documentation shall be submitted to the authority hav­ing jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

• The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be con­sidered part of the requirements of this document.
• NFPA Publication. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 1999 edition.

Chapter 3 Definitions

• The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not included, common usage of the terms shall apply
• Official NFPA Definitions.

3.2.1* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The organiza­tion, office, or individual responsible for approving equip­ment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

• Indicates a mandatory requirement.
• Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
  • General Definitions.
    • Acoustic Emission Testing. A method of nondestructive testing (NDT) that utilizes acoustic or sound waves.
    • Aerial Device. An aerial ladder, elevating platform, or water tower that is designed to position personnel, handle ma­terials, provide continuous egress, or discharge water.
    • Aerial Ladder. A self-supporting, turntable-mounted, power-operated ladder of two or more sections permanently attached to a self-propelled automotive fire apparatus and de­signed to provide a continuous egress route from an elevated position to the ground. [1901:1.7]
    • Aerial Ladder Sections. The structural members of the aerial ladder consisting of the base and fly sections.
    • Ambient Temperature. The temperature of the sur­rounding medium; usually used to refer to the temperature of the air in which a structure is situated or a device operates. [54: K.11
    • American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT). A professional organization that is devoted to pro­moting knowledge of nondestructive testing.
    • American Welding Society (AWS). An association that provides codes, guidelines, and standards utilized to evaluate welded structures and components in welded structures.
    • Ancillary Boom Ladder. A ladder or ladders affixed to a telescoping or articulating boom section.
    • Articulating Boom. An aerial device consisting of two or more folding boom sections whose extension and retraction modes are accomplished by adjusting the angle of the knuckle joints. [1901:1.71
    • Auxiliary Hydraulic Power. A small gasoline engine, diesel engine, or electric motor-driven hydraulic pump used to operate an aerial device in an emergency or in lieu of the main hydraulic system. [1901:1.71
    • Base Rail. The lower chord (rail) of an aerial ladder to which rungs and reinforcements are attached. [1901:1.71
    • Base Section. The first or bottom section of an aerial device. [1901:1.71
    • An assembled section of an aerial device. The boom construction can be of the stressed skin box beam type, the trussed-lattice-type, or the open “U” truss-type design. [1901:1.71
    • Boom Boost Cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders lo­cated on the upper boom of an articulating boom aerial de­vice that help lift the upper boom from the lower boom.
    • Boom Support. A structural component that is at­tached to the chassis frame and that is used to support the aerial device when it is in the cradled position.
    • The distance that the end of an aerial ladder or boom deviates from a straight line extension of the base section.
    • A wire rope used to transmit forces from one component to another for the purpose of extending or re­tracting an aerial device. [1901:1.71
    • Cable Separation Guide. The mechanism that aligns and separates the cable when it is wound on the drum of an aerial ladder’s extension winch.
    • The basic operating motor vehicle including the engine, frame, and other essential structural and mechani­cal parts, but exclusive of the body and all appurtenances for the accommodation of driver, property, or passengers, appli­ances, or equipment related to other than control. Common usage might, but need not, include a cab (or cowl). [1901:1.71
    • Collector Rings. An assembly of slip rings for transfer­ring electrical energy from a stationary to a rotating member. [70:675.2]
    • Cylinder Links. The mechanisms that can be used in connecting an articulating boom to the end of the upper el­evating cylinders or to the lower and upper booms.
    • A discontinuity in a part or a failure to func­tion that interferes with the service or reliability for which the part was intended. [1901:1.71
    • The deviation from a straight course or fixed direction.
    • A change in the normal, physical struc­ture of a material that can affect its serviceability.
    • Diverter Valve. A valve that, when actuated, diverts hydraulic fluid from one function to another or from one hy­draulic system to another; in aerial devices, it is one valve that diverts hydraulic fluid from the stabilizers when the aerial de­vice is in use and vice versa.
    • A time-dependent movement away from an es­tablished position.
    • A flow of liquid that lacks sufficient quantity or pressure to form a continuous stream.
    • Elevating Platform. A self-supporting, turntable- mounted device consisting of a personnel-carrying plat­form attached to the uppermost boom of a series of power- operated booms that articulate, telescope, or both; and that are sometimes arranged to provide the continuous egress capabilities of an aerial ladder.
    • Elevation Cylinder. The hydraulic components con­sisting of a cylinder barrel, cylinder rod, and related hardware that are used to vary the angle of the ladder or booms.
    • Elevation Indicator. An instrument on an aerial device that shows the angle of elevation of the aerial ladder or boom.
    • Elevation Lock. A manual- or positive-locking device (i.e., holding valve) that can be actuated to maintain indefi­nitely a desired angle or elevation without dependence upon engine power.
    • Emergency Hand-Crank Control. An auxiliary or supplemental control with which the operator can manually operate select functions of the aerial device.
    • Extension Cylinder. The hydraulic components con­sisting of a cylinder barrel, cylinder rod, and related hardware that are used to vary the length of extension of a telescoping aerial device.
    • Extension Indicator. A device on an aerial ladder or extensible boom aerial device that indicates the number of feet that the device has been extended.
    • Extension Sheave. A pulley through which an exten­sion cable operates.
    • A mechanical device, such as a rivet, bolt, screw, or pin, that is used to hold two or more components together securely.
    • Ferromagnetic Materials. Materials that can be mag­netized and strongly attracted to a magnetic field such as iron, steel, cobalt, and nickel.
    • Fly Locks. See Ladder Locks.
    • Fly Section. Any section of an aerial telescoping device beyond the base section. [1901:1.7]
    • A type of defect found in welds that has a large length-to-width ratio and travels through or adjacent to the metal grain boundaries; usually, this type of defect is re­ferred to as a crack.
    • Hinge Pins. Pins that are used at either the swivel or point of articulation of an aerial device.
    • Holding Valve. A one-way valve that maintains hydrau­lic pressure in a cylinder until it is activated to release.
    • To determine the condition or operation of a component(s) by comparing its physical, mechanical, and/or electrical characteristics with established standards, recom­mendations, and requirements through examination by sight, sound, or feel. 

3.3.44* Instability. A condition of a mobile unit in which the sum of the moments tending to overturn the unit exceeds the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning. 

• A device or arrangement by means of which the functioning of one part is controlled by the functioning of another. 
• A term used for the damage caused to the bottom of a base rail by misalignment or malfunction of the rollers, which causes wear or indentation of the base rail ma­terial.
• A point of connection between the upper and lower booms of an articulating device; the point at which lower and upper booms are hinged together. 
• Ladder Cradle. A structural component that supports an aerial ladder when it is bedded.
• Ladder Locks. The mechanical locks or pawls that prevent movement of the sections of an aerial device when the power is shut off or in the event of loss of pressure in hydraulic circuits.
• A continuous stream of liquid escaping from a hose, pipe, coupling, connection, or other confining structure at any point where the escape should not occur.
• Leveling Linkages. The components and controls for achieving a level position of the platform.
• Liquid Penetrant Inspection. A nondestructive inspec­tion method used to locate and determine the severity of sur­face discontinuities in materials, based on the ability of a liq­uid to penetrate into small openings, such as cracks.
• Load Limit Indicator. A load indicator or an instruc­tion plate visible at the operator’s position that shows the rec­ommended safe load at any condition of an aerial device’s elevation and extension. 
• Magnetic Particle Inspection. A nondestructive in­spection method used to locate discontinuities in ferromag­netic materials by magnetizing the material and then applying an iron powder to mark and interpret the patterns that form.
• Mobile Unit. A combination of an aerial device, its ve­hicle, and related equipment.
• Neutral Position. The position of operating controls when the controls are not engaged.
• Nondestructive Testing (NDT). One of several meth­ods used to inspect a structural component without physically altering or damaging the materials.
• A person qualified to operate an aerial device.
• A system or device used to neutralize a given action or motion. 
• An assembly consisting of the support struc­ture, floor, railings, and operator’s secondary controls that is attached to the tip of a boom or an aerial ladder for carrying personnel and equipment.
• Pneumatic Lines. The lines that supply air, which is normally for a breathing air system or for pneumatic power tools, to a platform or to the tip of an aerial ladder.
• Proper(ly). In accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications or as recommended by the manufacturer.
• Power takeoff. 
• Qualified Person. A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill, and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, has demon­strated the ability to deal with problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.
• A nondestructive inspection method that uses X rays, nuclear radiation, or both to detect disconti­nuities in material and to present their images on a recording medium.
• Rated Capacity. The total amount of weight of all per­sonnel and equipment that can be supported at the outermost rung of an aerial ladder or on the platform of an elevating platform with the waterway uncharged. 

3.3.67* Rated Vertical Height. The vertical distance mea­sured by a plumb line from the maximum elevation of the aerial device allowed by the manufacturer to the ground.

3.3.68 Relief Valve. A device that allows the bypass of fluids to limit the pressure in a system.

• Rotation Gear. The main gear of an aerial device that is used for the rotation of the turntable.
• Rotation Gear Reduction Box. The mechanism of an aerial device that transfers hydraulic or electric power to the rotation gear, creating the torque necessary to rotate the turn­table.
• Rotation Lock. A strong friction or other positive- locking device (e.g., holding valve) that retains the turntable in any desired position.
• Rung Cap Casting. A casting that can be riveted to the outside of the base rail over the ends of each rung on an aerial ladder.
• Safety Stop Mechanism. A device that is located on the aerial device and prevents raising the elevating platform booms or sections beyond safe, operating, horizontal or verti­cal angles.
• Slide Blocks. Blocks made of a variety of materials (e.g., brass, nylatron) that act as spacing devices, wear strips, or wear pads.
• Spirit Level. An indicating device that is affixed to a turntable or truck body and is used to verify the levelness of a turntable prior to operating an aerial device.
• A device integral with or separately attached to the chassis of an aerial fire apparatus that is used to increase the moments tending to resist overturning the apparatus.
• Stabilizer Pad. A plate inserted beneath a stabilizer shoe to give greater surface bearing area. 
• Stabilizer Shoe. A permanently mounted shoe on a stabilizer to provide a ground surface area. 
• Stressed-Skin-iype Boom Section. A boom f ramework that is fabricated by the welding of metal into full box sections with internal torsional members.
• Extended or retracted by sliding of the overlapping sections.
• To verify serviceability by measuring the me­chanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical characteristics of an item and comparing those characteristics with prescribed standards.
• Top Rail. The top chord (rail) of an aerial ladder to which reinforcements are attached. 

3.3.83* Torque Box. A structural component placed between the turntable and the chassis of an aerial device to absorb the stresses of operation.

• Torque Value. A measure of tightness or the amount of stress that is put on a fastening device (i.e., bolt) to secure it properly.
• Trussed-Latdee-Type Boom Section. An open truss boom framework with vertical and diagonal braces that are fastened to horizontal beams of the frame.

3.3.86* Turntable. A structural component that connects the aerial device to the chassis and stabilization system through a rotating bearing that permits 360-degree continuous rotation of the aerial device.

3.3.87 Turntable Alignment Indicator. An indicator that fa­cilitates alignment of the aerial device with the boom support for bedding purposes.

• The degree of rotational movement from a given position.
• Ultrasonic Inspection. A nondestructive method of in­spection in which high-frequency vibrations are injected through the surface of the test material and bounced back to their source from the opposite surface; if a flaw exists, signals return in a different pattern, revealing the location and extent of the flaw.
• Visual Inspection. Inspection by the eye without re­course to any optical devices, except prescription eyeglasses.
• Water Tower. An aerial device consisting of perma- nendy mounted power-operated booms and a waterway de­signed to supply a large capacity mobile elevated water stream. The booms can be of articulating design or telescoping de­sign. [1901:1.71
• A structure that is formed by the welding together of several components.

Chapter 4 Inspection and Test Procedures

4.1 General.

4.1.1 All inspections and tests specified in this standard ex­cept those specifically designated as nondestructive tests (NDT) shall be conducted at the following times:

• At least annually
• After major repairs or overhaul
• Following the use of the aerial device when the aerial de­vice could have been subjected to unusual operating con­ditions of stress or load
• When there is reason to believe that usage has exceeded the manufacturer’s recommended aerial device operat­ing procedures

4.1.2* The inspections and tests specified in this standard as nondestructive tests (NDT) shall be conducted at the follow­ing times:

• At least every five years
• Whenever visual inspection or load testing indicates a po­tential problem
• When there is a desire to further confirm continued op­erational safety

4.1.3 If the aerial device is involved in a situation that pro­duces any structural damage, or if the inspections and tests that are required in this standard reveal any problems that affect the structural integrity of the aerial device, the aerial device shall be placed out of service.

4.1.3.1* The aerial device shall be repaired to an acceptance level in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard.

• If the manufacturer is no longer in business and, therefore, cannot be consulted with regard to repair of the aerial device, the repairs shall be performed by a repair facility that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
• The aerial device shall be tested to the full opera­tional load and NDT of this standard before it is placed back in service.

4.1.4* The inspections and tests specified herein shall be the minimum service test requirements for all aerial devices.

• Since each manufacturer’s unit will he somewhat dif­ferent, specific attention shall he given to the manufacturer’s instructions concerning periodic maintenance and inspection checks.
• The testing personnel shall have written documenta­tion identifying the aerial device manufacturer’s operating procedures, component performance specifications, and tolerances.

4.1.5* Only qualified persons, acceptable to the authority hav­ing jurisdiction, shall be allowed to operate the apparatus dur­ing testing procedures.

• Inspection Personnel.
• The inspections and tests outlined in this standard shall be performed by qualified persons, a third-party testing com­pany, or the manufacturer as determined acceptable by the authority having jurisdiction.
• The person actually performing the nondestructive test work shall be certified as at least a Level II NDT technician in the test method used, as specified in ASNT CP-189, Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel.
• Trainees and personnel certified to Level I in the test method used shall be permitted to conduct the nondestruc­tive tests so long as they work under the direct and immediate supervision of either a Level II or an ASNT Level III technician holding current certification in the same test method.
• Third-Party Test Companies. If a third-party test company is employed to do NDT, that company shall comply with ASTM

E 543, Standard Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing.

• Visual Inspection. A visual inspection shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of Chapters 5, 6, or 7, depending on the aerial device.
• The visual inspection shall be conducted prior to any operational or load testing and shall be carried out in a system­atic sequence with proper attention to detail.
• This visual inspection shall be for the detection of any visible defects, damage, or improperly secured parts.
• Weld Inspection.
• When the inspections as required by 4.1.1 are per­formed, all accessible structural welds shall be visually in­spected for fractures.
• When the nondestructive testing as required by 4.1.2 is performed, all accessible structural welds shall be inspected by technicians who meet the criteria of Section 4.2 for the test methods used.
• Welds on Steel.
• All accessible structural welds on steel shall be in­spected in accordance with the applicable provisions of AWS 1, Structural Welding Code — Steel.
• All structural welds shall comply with the weld quality as defined in the visual inspection acceptance criteria of AWS 1, Structural Welding Code — Steel.
• Wields on Aluminum.

4.5.4.1 All accessible structural welds on aluminum shall be inspected in accordance with the applicable provisions of AWS D1.2, Structural Welding Code — Aluminum.

4.5.4.2 All structural welds shall comply with the weld quality as defined in the visual inspection acceptance criteria of AWS D1.2, Structural Welding Code —Aluminum.

4.5.5 The application of a particular nondestructive weld in­spection technique shall be as recommended by AWS B1.10,

Guide for the Nondestructive Inspection of Welds.

• Bolt and Pin Inspection. Bolts and pins that are subjected to ultrasonic testing shall contain no ultrasonic cathode ray tube (CRT) indications that can be interpreted as cracks or elongated material.
• Nondestructive Testing Procedures.

Chapter 5 Inspecting and Testing Aerial Ladders

• The tests specified in this chapter shall apply only to metal aerial ladders.
• In addition to the manufacturer’s recommendations for annual inspections and tests, the inspections and tests detailed in Sections 5.2 through 5.11 shall be performed.
• An inspection preceded by a plus sign (+) indicates that an appropriate nondestructive test (NDT) shall be conducted as required by 4.1.2.
• Service Records. The aerial ladder’s service records shall be checked for any reports that indicate defective conditions.
• Hydraulic Components. Hydraulic components shall show no signs of hydraulic fluid leakage.
• A component shall be considered leaking if hydraulic fluid (oil) droplets are forming on the component.
• A film of hydraulic fluid on the component shall not be considered severe enough to categorize the component as leaking.
• Turntable, Torque Box, Suspension, and Tractor-Drawn Components Inspection and Test. The turntable, torque box, suspension components, and tractor-drawn components, where applicable, shall be inspected on all aerial ladders in accordance with 5.4.1 through 5.4.29.
• Rotation-Bearing Mounting Bolts. The rotation-bearing mounting bolts shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the bolt torque on all accessible bolts meets the apparatus manufacturer’s specifications.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible bolts for internal flaws.
• Torque Box Mounting to Frame.
• If the torque box is bolted to the frame, the torque box mounting to the frame shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the torque on all accessible bolts meets the apparatus manu­facturer’s specifications.
  • (+) Inspect all bolts for internal flaws.
• If the torque box is welded to the frame, the torque box mounting to the frame shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect all accessible attaching welds for frac­tures.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible attaching welds.
• Tractor-Drawn Components Mounting to Frame.

5.4.3.1 If tractor-drawn components are bolted to the frame, the mounting of the tractor-drawn components to the frame shall be inspected as follows:

(1) Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.

• Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the torque on all accessible bolts meets the apparatus manu­facturer’s specifications.
• (+) Inspect all bolts for internal flaws.

5.4.3.2 If tractor-drawn components are welded to the frame, the mounting of the tractor-drawn components to the frame shall be inspected as follows:

• Visually inspect all accessible attaching welds for fractures.
• (+) Inspect all accessible attaching welds.

• Suspension System.
• If the suspension system components are bolted to the frame, the mounting of the suspension system components to the frame shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the torque on all accessible bolts meets the apparatus manu­facturer’s specifications.
  • (+) Inspect all bolts for internal flaws.
• If the suspension system components are welded to the frame, the mounting of the suspension system compo­nents to the frame shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect all accessible attaching welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible attaching welds.
• Rotation Gear and Bearing. The rotation gear and bear­ing shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the rotation gear for missing or damaged teeth, pinion-to-gear alignment, proper lubrication, and backlash.
  • Inspect the bearing clearance.
• Rotation Gear Reduction Box Mounting.
• If the rotation gear reduction box is bolted to the turntable, the rotation gear reduction box mounting shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all bolts for proper grade and installation as speci­fied by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a calibrated torque wrench, verify that the torque on all bolts meets the apparatus manufacturer’s specifications.
  • (+) Inspect all bolts for internal flaws.
• If the rotation gear reduction box is welded to the turntable, the rotation gear reduction box mounting shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect all of the accessible weldments for defects and all of the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all reduction box attaching welds.
• Structural Components. The structural components shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect all of the accessible structural weldments for defects and all of the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible structural component welds.
• Rotation Hydraulic Swivel. The rotation hydraulic swivel shall be inspected for external hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Hydraulic Lines and Hose. All hydraulic lines and hose shall be inspected for kinks, cuts and abrasions, and hydraulic fluid leakage at connectors and fittings.
• Elevation, Extension, and Rotation Lock(s). The eleva­tion, extension, and rotation lock(s) shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the manual valve on the elevation, extension, and rotation lock(s) for external hydraulic fluid leakage.
  • Verify by visual inspection that the manual elevation lock operates properly by engaging the lock and then attempt­ing to raise and lower the ladder while the main hydraulic system is operating.
  • Verify by visual inspection that the manual extension lock operates properly by engaging the lock and then attempt­ing to extend or retract the ladderwhile the main hydrau­lic system is operating.
  • Verify by visual inspection that the manual rotation lock operates properly by engaging the lock and attempting to rotate the turntable clockwise and counterclockwise while the main hydraulic system is operating.
• Power Takeoff. The power takeoff shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the power takeoff for external hydraulic fluid leakage.
  • Verify that the power takeoff engages and disengages properly.
• Hydraulic Pump. The hydraulic pump shall be in­spected for external hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Collector Rings. The collector rings shall be inspected as follows:
  • If the collector rings are accessible, inspect them for for­eign material buildup.
  • If the collector ring terminals are accessible, inspect them for damage.
  • Conduct tests to ensure the proper operation of the col­lector rings by rotating the aerial device while electric- powered devices are in operation.
  • If applicable, check for indications of moisture in the electrical chamber by visually inspecting the desiccant moisture indicators.
• Elevation Cylinder Anchor Ears and Plates.
• The elevation cylinder anchor ears and plates shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the elevation cylinder anchor ears and plates for defects and the attaching welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect the elevation cylinder anchor ears and plate- attaching welds.
• If the elevation cylinder anchor is bolted, it shall be further inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the bolt torque on all accessible bolts meets the manufactur­er’s specification.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible bolts for internal flaws.
• Elevation Cylinder Pins. The elevation cylinder pins shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder pins for proper installation, align­ment, lubrication, operation, and retention.
  • (+) Inspect cylinder pins for internal flaws.
• Elevation Cylinders.

5.4.16.1 The elevation cylinders shall be inspected as follows:

• Inspect the cylinder rods for pitting, scoring, and other defects.
• Inspect the cylinder rod-to-barrel seal and the end gland seal for external hydraulic fluid leakage that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications.

5.4.16.2* The elevation cylinders shall be subjected to a drift test as follows:

• With the hydraulic fluid at ambient temperature, place the aerial device at 60-degrees elevation at full extension.
• Mark the cylinder position.
• Close the manually operated locking valves, and allow the device to stand for 1 hour with the engine off.
• Measure the drift and verify that the results do not exceed the manufacturer’s specifications for allowable cylinder drift.

• Holding Valves on Elevation Cylinders. The holding valves on the elevation cylinders shall be inspected for exter­nal hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Operating Controls. The operating controls shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the operating controls to ensure control handles are not damaged or missing, functions are identified, op­erating instructions and warnings are posted, and there is no hydraulic fluid leakage.
  • Verify that the controls operate smoothly, return to neu­tral position when released, and do not bind during op­eration.
  • If interlocks have been provided or are required to pre­vent unintentional operation of the aerial device, verify that the interlocks or locking devices are operating properly.
• Load Limit Indicators. The load limit indicators shall be inspected for proper operation and legibility.
• Emergency Hand-Crank Controls. The emergency hand-crank controls shall be inspected for proper operation.
• Auxiliary Hydraulic Power. The auxiliary hydraulic power shall be inspected for proper operation.
• Turntable Alignment Indicator. The presence of a turn­table alignment indicator shall be verified.
• Throttle Control.
• The throttle control shall be inspected for proper operation.
• The operating speed of the engine shall be measured using a tachometer or a revolution counter and shall be checked against the manufacturer’s specifications.
• Communication System. The communication system shall be inspected for proper installation and operation.
• Relief Hydraulic Pressure. The main hydraulic pump relief pressure and compensator pressure shall be tested to determine that they do not exceed the manufacturer’s specifi­cations.
• Unit Main Frame. The unit main frame shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the main frame for any cracks, bends, dents, twists, or other weldment defects.
  • Visually inspect any welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all main frame welds.
• Transmission/Aerial Device Interlocks. If interlocks have been provided that prevent operation of the aerial device until both the parking brakes have been set and the transmis­sion has been positioned properly, the interlocks shall be in­spected to verify they are operating properly.
• Engine Speed Interlocks. If interlocks have been pro­vided that allow operation of the engine speed control only after both the parking brakes have been set and the transmis­sion has been positioned properly, the interlocks shall be in­spected to verify they are operating properly.
• Breathing Air Systems. If a breathing air system is pro­vided, the system shall be inspected as follows:
  • Verify that the breathing air system — including the integ­rity of the air cylinder mounting, the regulator, and the air lines from the air cylinder(s) to the top of the aerial device — is properly installed.
  • Verify that all the component parts of the system are present and in serviceable condition.
  • Visually inspect the air cylinder mounting brackets for de­fects and the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on air cylinder mounting brackets.
  • Check that the air pressure regulator is set at the appara­tus manufacturer’s recommended pressure.

5.5 Stabilizer Inspection and Test. The stabilizer compo­nents, where applicable, shall be inspected on all aerial ladder apparatus in accordance with 5.5.1 through 5.5.16.

• Stabilizer Structural Components. The stabilizer struc­tural components shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect all of the stabilizer components for de­fects and all of the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all stabilizer structural component welds.
• Stabilizer Pads. The stabilizer pads shall be inspected to verify that they are present, are of proper construction, and are in serviceable condition.
• Stabilizer Mounting to Frame or Torque Box.
• The stabilizer mounting to the frame or torque box attachment shall be visually inspected for defects such as dents and bends.
• If the stabilizer mounting to the frame or torque box is welded, it shall be further inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the stabilizer to frame or torque box mounting for weld cracks.
  • (+) Inspect the stabilizer to frame or torque box mount­ing welds.
• If the stabilizer mounting to the frame or torque box is bolted, it shall be further inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all bolts for proper fastener grade and installation as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the torque on all bolts meets the apparatus manufacturer’s specifications.
  • (+) Inspect all bolts for internal flaws.
• Hydraulic Lines and Hose in Stabilizer System. The hy­draulic lines and hoses in the stabilizer system shall be in­spected for kinks, cuts and abrasions, and leakage at connec­tors and fittings.
• Stabilizer Interlock System. The stabilizer interlock sys­tem shall be inspected to verify that it is operating properly.
• Stabilizer Warning Device. The stabilizer warning device shall be inspected to verify that it is operating properly.
• Stabilizer Extension Cylinder Pins and Hinge Pins. The stabilizer extension cylinder pins and hinge pins shall be in­spected as follows:

• Inspect all stabilizer cylinder pins and hinge pins for proper installation, lubrication, operation, and retention.
• (+) Inspect all stabilizer pins and hinge pins for internal flaws.

• Stabilizer Extension Cylinders.
• The stabilizer extension cylinders shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the stabilizer extension cylinder rods for pitting, scoring, and other defects.
  • Inspect the cylinder rod-to-barrel seals and the end gland seals for external hydraulic fluid leakage that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications.
• The stabilizer extension cylinder shall be subjected to a drift test as follows:
  • With the hydraulic fluid at ambient temperature, prop­erly set the stabilizer’s cylinders.
  • Mark the cylinder position.
  • Measure the drift after 1 hour with the engine off
  • Verify that the results do not exceed the manufacturer’s specification for allowable stabilizer cylinder drift.
• Holding Valves on Extension Cylinders. The holding valves on extension cylinders shall be inspected for external leakage of hydraulic fluid.
• Operating Controls. The operating controls shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the operating controls to ensure control handles are not damaged or missing, functions are identified, op­erating instructions and warnings are posted, and there is no hydraulic fluid leakage.
  • Verify that the controls operate smoothly, return to the neutral position when released, and do not bind during operation.
  • If interlocks have been provided or are required to pre­vent unintentional operation of the aerial device, verify that the interlocks or locking devices are operating properly.
• Leveling Indicator. If a leveling indicator(s) is provided to aid the operator in leveling the apparatus, the accuracy and legibility of the leveling indicator shall be checked.
• Diverter Valve. The divertervalve shall be inspected for external hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Positive Stops. The mechanical stabilizers shall be in­spected for proper operation of the positive stops that prevent overextension.
• Stabilizer Deployment. If the stabilizer system is oper­ated hydraulically, the system shall be inspected to verify that it can be deployed within the time frame designated by the aerial device manufacturer.
• Manual Spring Locks. The stabilizer manual spring locks shall be inspected for proper condition and operation.
• Tractor Spring Lockout Device. If the aerial ladder is tractor drawn, the spring lockout device shall be inspected for any discontinuities and for proper operation.

5.6 Aerial Ladder Inspection and Test. The aerial ladder shall be inspected in accordance with 5.6.1 through 5.6.30.

• Structural Modifications, Improper Repairs, or Added Weight.
• The aerial ladder shall be inspected for structural modifications or improper repairs.
• The aerial ladder shall be inspected to determine that no extra equipment has been added to the aerial ladder with­out subtracting the weight of such equipment from the rated capacity.
• Details of any structural modifications, improper re­pairs, or added weight shall be contained in the record re­quired by Section 5.12.
• Aerial Ladder Weldments. All aerial ladder weldments shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect all of the accessible aerial ladder weld­ments for defects and all of the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible welds on the ladder.
• Aerial Ladder Fasteners. All aerial ladder structural fas­teners and fastened connections shall be inspected visually for cracked fasteners and material cracks around the fasteners.
• Ladder Section Alignment. Measurements shall be taken to determine that the amount of ladder section twist or bow in the aerial ladder does not exceed manufacturer’s speci­fications for allowable ladder section twist or bow.
• Hydraulic, Pneumatic, and Electrical Lines in Ladder Sections. All hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical lines in lad­der sections shall be inspected for proper mounting and for wear, cracking, kinks, and abrasions.
• Top Rails. The top rails shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the top rails for straightness or any signs of mis­alignment.
  • (+) Take hardness readings at intervals of 710 mm (28 in.) or less along the entire length of both top rails of alumi­num ladders, and compare the results with the manufac­turer’s specifications for the hardness of the material used for construction of the top rail.
• Vertical and Diagonal Braces. The vertical and diagonal braces shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the verticals and diagonals for straightness, dents, and other deformities.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible attachment welds.

5.6.8* Base Rails. The base rails shall be inspected as follows:

• Inspect the base rail for straightness and any signs of wear, ironing, dents, or corrosion.
• (+) Inspect the bottom of all hollow I-beam base rails to determine that the thickness of the rail is not less than the manufacturer’s minimum specifications.

(3) (+) Take hardness readings at intervals of 710 mm (28 in.) or less along the entire length of both base rails of alumi­num ladders, and compare the results with the manufac­turer’s specifications for the hardness of the material used for construction of the base rail.

• All rungs of the aerial ladder shall be inspected for straightness, signs of fly lock damage, damaged or loose rung covers and rung cap castings, and signs of cracks or miss­ing rivets, if applicable.
• Folding Steps. The folding steps on the ladder shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the folding steps and folding step mount­ing brackets for defects and the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on the folding step(s) and folding step mounting brackets.
• All rollers shall be inspected for proper lubri­cation and operation and for any signs of wear.
• Guides, Babbitts, Wear Strips, Pads, and Slide Blocks.
• The guides shall be visually inspected for cracked welds, loose rivets, alignment problems, and any irregularities.
• The babbitts shall be inspected for signs of wear.
• The wear strips, pads, and slide blocks shall be in­spected for wear and gouging and for proper mounting.
• Extension Sheaves. The extension sheaves shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Inspect extension sheaves for signs of wear, free move­ment during operation, proper retainers, and proper lu­brication.
  • Visually inspect all extension sheave mounting brackets for defects and the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all welds of extension sheave mounting brackets.
• Extension Cables. The extension cables shall be in­spected for compliance with Appendix A of SAE J959, Lifting Crane, Wire-Rope Strength Factors.
• Extension and Retraction Motor. The extension and retraction motor shall be inspected for signs of external hy­draulic fluid leakage and, where applicable, brake wear and brake alignment with the shaft.
• Cable Separation Guide. During operation of the aerial ladder, the cable separation guide shall be inspected visually for free travel and any signs of misalignment.
• Winch Holding Capacity. The winch shall be inspected for holding capacity as follows:
  • Fully elevate the aerial ladder and extend it 3 m (10 ft).
  • Measure the winch slippage for a 5-minute period.
  • Verify that the slippage does not exceed the manufactur­er’s specifications.
• Brake Holding Capacity. The brake holding capacity of the extension motor shall be inspected as follows:
  • Fully elevate the aerial ladder and extend it 3 m (10 ft).
  • Measure the brake slippage for a 5-minute period.
  • Verify that the slippage does not exceed the manufactur­er’s specifications.
• Extension, Elevation, and Rung Alignment Indicators.

The elevation, extension, and rung alignment indicators shall be inspected for legibility, clarity, and accuracy.

• Fly Locks. The fly lock mechanisms shall be inspected for proper mounting, alignment, lubrication, and operation.
• Ladder Cradle.
• The aerial ladder cradle shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the ladder cradle for wear, proper alignment, and the cradle pad for damage.
  • Visually inspect the ladder cradle for defects such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
  • (+) Inspect the ladder cradle welds and bracket attachments.
• If the aerial ladder cradle is bolted, it shall be further inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the bolt torque on all accessible mounting bolts meets the apparatus manufacturer’s specification.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible bolts for internal flaws.
• Ladder Bed Lock. The ladder bed lock mechanism and hydraulic lines shall be inspected for proper mounting, signs of wear, and hydraulic fluid leakage at fittings.
• Stop Mechanism. The stop mechanisms shall be in­spected to ensure that they prevent overextension or overre- traction of the aerial ladder.
• Maximum Extension Warning Device. During opera­tion, if the aerial ladder is equipped with an audible device that warns of the approach of maximum extension, the device shall be inspected to verify proper operation.
• Ladder Illumination. The lights that are used to illumi­nate the ladder shall be inspected for proper operation.
• Extension Cylinder Anchor Ears and Plates.
• The extension cylinder anchor ears and plates shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the extension cylinder anchor ears and plates for defects and the attaching welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect the attaching welds of the extension cylinder anchor ears and plates.
• If the extension cylinder anchor is bolted, it shall be further inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the bolt torque on all accessible bolts meets the manufactur­er’s specification.
  • (+) Inspect all accessible bolts for internal flaws.
• Extension Cylinder Pins. The extension cylinder pins shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder pins for proper installation and re­tention.
  • (+) Inspect the cylinder pins for internal flaws.
• Extension Cylinder.

5.6.28.1 The extension cylinders shall be inspected as follows:

• Inspect the cylinder rods for pitting, scoring, and other defects.
• Inspect the cylinder rod-to-barrel seal and the end gland seal for external hydraulic fluid leakage that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications.

5.6.28.2 The extension cylinder shall be subjected to a drift test as follows:

• With the hydraulic fluid at ambient temperature, place the aerial device at full elevation and 3 m (10 ft) of extension.
• Mark the cylinder position or the second aerial ladder section in relation to the base section.
• Allow the ladder to stand for 1 hour with the engine off.
• Measure the drift and verify that the results do not exceed the manufacturer’s specifications for allowable cylinder drift.

• Holding Valves on Extension Cylinder. The holding valves shall be inspected for external and internal hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Tip Controls. If the aerial ladder is equipped with a secondary operating position at the tip, the controls shall be inspected as follows:
  • Check that the control handles are not damaged or miss­ing, functions are identified, and operating instructions and warnings are posted.
  • Verify that the controls operate smoothly, return to neu­tral when released, and do not bind during operation.
  • Verify that the turntable or lower controls will override the tip controls.
  • Verify that any safety devices that are designed to operate in conjunction with the tip controls are fully operational.
  • If the aerial ladder was built to the 1996 or a later edition of NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, verify that the speed of the aerial ladder, when being operated from the tip controls, does not exceed the speeds allowed in the edition of NFPA 1901 to which the aerial ladder was manufactured.

5.7 Operating Test.

• After starting the engine, setting the stabilizers, and transmitting power to the ladder, the ladder shall be fully el­evated out of the bed, rotated 90 degrees, and extended to full extension.
• The aerial ladder shall complete the procedure defined in 5.7.1 smoothly and without undue vibration within the time allowed by the edition of NFPA 1901, Standard for A utomotive Fire Apparatus, in effect at the time of manufacture.
• The ladder shall then be retracted, the turntable rota­tion completed through 360 degrees, and the ladder lowered to its bed.
• During the test, the proper operation of all ladder con­trols shall be verified.
• After the procedure defined in 5.7.1 through 5.7.4 is completed, a thorough inspection shall be made of all moving parts.
• The security and adjustment of the ladder cables or chains shall be checked for proper tension and retention per the manufacturer’s specifications.

5.8 Load Testing.

5.8.1* Tests shall he conducted when the wind velocity is less than 16 kmph (10 mph).

• Only those personnel who are essential to conduct the test shall he permitted near the apparatus during the test.
• A close watch shall he maintained during all load tests for any signs of instability, the development of conditions that could cause damage or permanent deformation, or twist that exceeds the aerial ladder manufacturer’s allowance. The test shall be discontinued immediately if such conditions develop.
• Horizontal Load Test.

5.8.4.1 The aerial apparatus shall be on a hard, level surface with the stabilizers deployed in accordance with the manufac­turer’s instructions. The aerial ladder’s turntable shall be level.

5.8.4.2* A test cable hanger shall be attached to the top rung of the top section of the ladder and properly centered.

• The rated capacity that the ladder is designed to sup­port in the horizontal position at full extension shall be deter­mined from the manufacturer’s load chart or operator’s manual. If full extension is not permitted in the horizontal position with a specified rated capacity, then the maximum permissible extension with a specified rated capacity shall be used for the purpose of this test.
• The ladder shall be positioned as follows:
  • For single chassis apparatus, the ladder shall be rotated, if necessary, until it is positioned over the rear and parallel to the vehicle centerline.
  • For a tractor-drawn apparatus, the ladder shall be posi­tioned in the most stable position as recommended by the manufacturer.
• The ladder shall be placed in the horizontal position and extended to full extension or the maximum-permitted extension as determined in 5.8.4.3. The base section shall not be allowed to rest in the bed.
• The ladder section locks, either manual pawls or hy­draulic holding valves, shall be applied properly.
• The elevation cylinders’ integral holding valve or shut- off safety valve shall be properly closed or applied.

5.8.4.8* Afree-hanging weight that is equal to the rated capac­ity, as determined in 5.8.4.3, shall be applied gradually to the top rung of the aerial ladder by utilizing a test weight con­tainer or other suitable means of applying the weight.

• The weight shall be suspended by a cable and shall not be more than 1 m (3 ft) above the ground.
• The combined weight of the test cable hanger and cable, the test weight container, and the test weights shall not exceed the rated capacity.
• The weights shall be added to the ladder in a man­ner that does not shock load the ladder.

CAUTION: Dropping the weights and shock loading the lad­der can damage the ladder.

5.8.4.9 The test weight shall be sustained by the unsupported aerial ladder for 5 minutes.

• The test weight shall hang freely from the tip of the aerial ladder. If the test weight hanger and ladder deflection are such that the test weight comes to rest on the ground, it shall be permissible to raise the ladder elevation slightly above the horizontal position.

• The ladder shall not be moved while the test weight is applied.

CAUTION: Moving the ladder with a test weight applied could result in the application of forces that damage the ladder.

• After removal of the test weight, a complete visual inspection shall be made of all load-supporting elements.
• Any visually delectable signs of damage, permanent deformation, or twist exceeding the manufacturer’s specification shall constitute noncompliance with the load test requirements, and the aerial ladder shall be placed out of service.
• The aerial device shall meet the requirements of Section 5.7 after the horizontal load test.

5.8.5 Maximum Elevation Load Test.

5.8.5.1 The aerial apparatus shall be on a hard, level surface with the stabilizers deployed in accordance with the manufac­turer’s instructions, and the aerial ladder’s turntable shall be level.

5.8.5.2* A test cable hanger shall be attached to the top rung of the top section of the ladder and centered.

• The maximum rated capacity that the ladder is de­signed to support in the maximum-elevated position at full extension shall be determined from the manufacturer’s load chart or operator’s manual.
• The ladder shall be rotated, if necessary, until the lad­der is positioned over the rear and parallel to the vehicle cen­terline. Midship-mounted aerial ladders shall be permitted to be rotated slightly off of the vehicle centerline to apply the test load without interfering with the body of the apparatus.
• The ladder shall be positioned at its maximum eleva­tion and full extension.
• The ladder section locks, either manual pawls or hy­draulic holding valves, shall be applied properly.
• The elevation cylinders’ integral holding valve or shut- off safety valve shall be properly closed or applied.
• Afree-hanging weight that is equal to the rated capac­ity, as determined in 5.8.5.3, shall be applied gradually to the top rung of the aerial ladder by utilizing a test weight con­tainer or other suitable means of applying the weight.
• The weight shall be suspended by a cable and shall not be more than 1 m (3 ft) above the ground.
• The combined weight of the test cable hanger and cable, the test weight container, and the test weights shall not exceed the rated capacity.
• The weights shall be added to the ladder in a man­ner that does not shock load the ladder.

Dropping the weights and shock loading the lad­der can damage the ladder.

• The test weight shall be sustained by the unsupported aerial ladder for 5 minutes.
• The test weight shall hang freely from the tip of the aerial ladder.
• The ladder shall not be moved while the test weight is applied.

CAUTION: Moving the ladder with a test weight applied could result in the application of forces that damage the ladder.

• After removal of the test weight, a complete visual inspection shall be made of all load-supporting elements.
• Any visually detectable signs of damage, permanent deformation, or twist exceeding the manufacturer’s specification shall constitute noncompliance with the load test requirements, and the aerial ladder shall be placed out of service.
• The aerial device shall also meet the requirements of Section 5.7 after the maximum elevation load test.

5.9 Waterway System Test.

• The following inspection and test shall apply only to per­manently piped, aerial ladder waterway systems.
• The waterway system shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the system for proper operation of all components.
  • Inspect the system for rust, corrosion, blockage, or other defects.
• The waterway-attaching brackets shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the brackets for loose bolts, weld fractures, or other defects.
  • (+) Inspect all attaching welds.
• Pressure Test. The water system shall be pressure tested.

5.9.4.1* The aerial device shall be positioned between 0 de­grees and 10 degrees elevation and fully retracted.

5.9.4.1.1 If there is not a valve at the discharge end, a valve shall be attached for the purpose of this test.

5.9.4.1.2* The water system shall be filled with water, and the valve at the discharge end shall be closed.

CAUTION: For safety reasons, all air must be removed from the system.

• The pressure on the system shall be raised to the water system manufacturer’s maximum-rated working pres­sure and shall be maintained while the operations and inspec­tions required by 5.9.4.1.4 and 5.9.4.1.5 are conducted.
• The aerial device shall be raised to full elevation and rotated 360 degrees.
• The water system, including the turntable swivel, shall be checked for leaks.
• Care shall be taken not to overheat the water pump during this test.

5.9.4.2* The aerial device shall then be positioned between 0 degrees and 10 degrees elevation and extended to its maxi­mum permissible limit.

5.9.4.2.1 The water system shall be filled with water, all air removed from the system, and the valve at the discharge end closed.

CAUTION: Failure to remove all air from the water system could result in injury if there is a component failure during the test.

• The pressure on the system shall be raised to the water system manufacturer’s maximum-rated working pres­sure and maintained while the inspections required by
• are conducted.
• The entire length of the water system shall be checked for leaks.
• Care shall be taken not to overheat the water pump during this test.

5.9.4.3* The water system shall operate properly and with an absence of leaks during these tests.

• Flowmeter(s).
• If the waterway system is equipped with a flowme­ters), the flowmeter(s) shall be tested at the water system manufacturer’s maximum-rated water system flow.
• Any meter that reads off by more than 10 percent shall be recalibrated, repaired, or replaced.
• Pressure Gauge(s).
• If the waterway system is equipped with a water pres­sure gauge (s), each water pressure gauge shall be checked for accuracy to at least 3 points at 50 psi (3.45 bar) intervals with­out exceeding the maximum rated working pressure of the waterway system.
• Any gauge that reads off by more than 0.7 bar (10 psi) shall be recalibrated, repaired, or replaced.
• If the waterway system is equipped with a relief valve, this relief valve shall be checked to verify that it is operational at the waterway manufacturer’s recommended pressure setting.

5.10 Signs. All signs shall be inspected to verify they are in place and legible.

5.11* Hydraulic Fluid. After the operational tests have been performed, a sample of the hydraulic fluid shall be removed from the hydraulic reservoir and subjected to spectrochemical analysis, particle count, viscosity check, and water content analysis.

5.12* Records. A comprehensive record shall be completed for all tests of the aerial ladder and signed by the person re­sponsible for the test.

• When the torque verification of mounting bolts is per­formed as required by this standard, the bolt size, grade, and torque specifications shall be recorded.
• When NDT is conducted, the test record shall indicate the NDT method used in each inspected area.
• Where this standard requires measurements to be taken — such as bearing clearance and backlash, cylinder drift, relief pressure, ladder section twist, hardness readings, base rail thickness, extension brake drift, winch drift, and the like — these measurements shall be recorded in the test record so that a year-to-year comparison can be made.

Inspecting and Testing Elevating Platforms

6.1 General.

6.1.1 In addition to the manufacturer’s recommendations for annual inspections and tests, the inspections and tests detailed in Sections 6.2 through 6.15 shall be performed.

6.1.2 An inspection preceded by a plus sign (+) indicates that an appropriate nondestructive test (NDT) shall be conducted as required by 4.1.2 of this standard.

• Service Records. The elevating platform’s service records shall be checked for any reports that indicate defective condi­tions.
• Hydraulic Components. Hydraulic components shall show no signs of hydraulic fluid leakage.
• A component shall be considered leaking if hydraulic fluid (oil) droplets are forming on the component.
• A film of hydraulic fluid on the component shall not be considered severe enough to categorize the component as leaking.
• Turntable and Torque Box Inspection and Test. The turn­table and torque box components, where applicable, shall be inspected in accordance with 5.4.1 and 5.4.2, 5.4.4 through 5.4.13, and 5.4.18 through 5.4.29.
• Stabilizer Inspection and Test. The stabilizer compo­nents, where applicable, shall be inspected in accordance with 5.5.1 through 5.5.14.
• Platform and Boom Inspection and Test. The platform and booms shall be inspected in accordance with 6.6.1 through 6.6.12.
• Structural Modifications, Improper Repairs, or Added Weight.
• The platform and booms shall be inspected for struc­tural modifications or improper repairs.
• The platform shall be inspected to determine that no extra equipment has been added to the platform without sub­tracting the weight of such equipment from the rated capacity
• Details of any structural modifications, improper repairs, or added weight shall be contained in the required report.
• Platform Mounting Brackets. The platform mounting brackets shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect all platform mounting brackets for de­fects, such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
  • (+) Inspect all welds in the platform mounting brackets.
  • (+) Inspect all bolts and pins structurally involved with the platform mounting to the ladder or boom for internal flaws.
• The platform shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the platform for defects, such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on the platform.
• Hydraulic, Pneumatic, and Electrical Lines in the Platform. All hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical lines shall be inspected for proper mounting, wear, cracking, kinks, and abrasions.
• Auxiliary Winch Mounting. The auxiliary winch mount­ing shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect all mounting bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
  • Using a calibrated torque wrench, verify that the torque on all winch mounting bolts meets the apparatus manu­facturer’s specifications.
  • If welded, visually inspect the winch mounting for weld fractures.
  • (+) Inspect the mounting bolts for internal flaws.
  • (+) If brackets are welded, inspect all welds on the mount­ing brackets.
• Winch Controls. The winch controls shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect controls for proper identification as to function and operation.
  • Verify smooth operation of the winch controls.
• Elevating Platform Rated Capacity Identification. The elevating platform rated capacity identification plate shall be checked to verify that it is present, proper, and legible.

• Platform Gate Latches and Hinge Points.
• The platform gate latches shall be inspected for proper alignment.
• The latch and hinges shall be inspected for smooth operation.
• Platform Hinge Pins. The platform hinge pins shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect platform hinge pins for proper installation, lubri­cation, and any irregularities.
  • (+) Inspect the platform hinge pins for internal flaws.
• Platform Controls. The platform controls shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Inspect the platform operating controls to ensure control handles are not damaged or missing, functions are iden­tified, and operating instructions and warnings are posted.
  • Verify that the controls operate smoothly, return to neu­tral when released, and do not bind during operation.
  • Verify that the turntable or lower controls will override the platform controls.
• Platform Monitor and Nozzle. The platform monitor and nozzle shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the complete operation of the platform monitor and nozzle.
  • Inspect the monitor’s mounting brackets for any defects and their welds for fractures.
• Boom Illumination. The operation of spotlights used to illuminate the boom shall be verified.

6.7 Articulating Boom-Lower Boom Inspection and Test. For apparatus equipment with an articulating boom, the lower boom shall be inspected and tested in accordance with 6.7.1 through 6.7.14.

• Hinge Pins. The hinge pins shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the boom hinge pins for proper installation, lubri­cation, operation, and any discontinuities.
  • (+) Inspect the boom hinge pins for internal flaws.
• Lower Boom Elevation Cylinder Anchor Ears and Plates. The lower boom elevation cylinder anchor ears and plates shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the anchor ears and plates for defects and the attaching welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on the anchor ears and plates.
• Lower Boom Elevation Cylinders.
• The boom elevation cylinder shall lie inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder rod(s) for pitting, scoring, or other defects.
  • Inspect the cylinder rod-to-barrel seal and the end gland seal for external hydraulic fluid leakage that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications.
• The lower boom elevation cylinder shall subjected to a drift test as follows:
  • With the hydraulic fluid at ambient temperature, take measurements of the drift in accordance with the manu­facturer’s recommendations.
  • Verify that the results do not exceed the manufacturer’s specifications for allowable lower boom cylinder drift.
• Holding Valves on Boom Elevation Cylinder. The hold­ing valves shall be inspected for signs of external hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Boom Assembly. The lower boom assembly shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the boom for defects, such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
  • Visually inspect all structural fasteners and fastened con­nections for cracked fasteners and material cracks around the fasteners.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on the boom for any structural dis­continuities.
  • (+) Take hardness readings at intervals of 710 mm (28 in.) or less on booms that are constructed of aluminum, and compare the results with the manufacturer’s specifica­tions for the hardness of the material used for construc­tion of the boom assembly.
• Cylinder Link Pins. The cylinder link pins shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder link pins for proper installation, lu­brication, operation, and any fractures.
  • (+) Inspect the cylinder link pins for internal flaws.
• Platform Leveling Linkages. The platform leveling link­ages shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect linkages for defects, such as weld cracks, dents, and bends.
  • (+) Inspect all welds of the leveling assembly.
  • (+) Inspect all leveling linkage pins for any internal flaws.
• Hydraulic Lines and Hose in Lower Boom. All hydraulic lines in the lower boom shall be inspected for proper mount­ing, abrasion, hydraulic fluid leakage, and wear.
• Hydraulic Lines in Knuckle. All hydraulic lines in the knuckle shall be inspected for hydraulic fluid leakage, abra­sion, and any signs of wear.
• Cables, Chains, and Rods. All cables, chains, and rods shall be inspected for signs of wear and for proper adjustment.
• Sprockets, Pulleys, and Hooks. All sprockets, pulleys, and hooks shall be inspected for proper lubrication, signs of wear, distortion, and proper operation.
• Boom Support.

6.7.12.1 The boom support shall be inspected as follows:

• Inspect the boom support for wear and proper alignment, and the cradle pad for damage.
• Visually inspect the boom support for defects, such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
• (+) Inspect the boom support welds and bracket attachment.

6.7.12.2 If the boom support is bolted, it shall be further in­spected as follows:

• Inspect all accessible bolts for proper grade and installa­tion as specified by the apparatus manufacturer.
• Using a properly calibrated torque wrench, verify that the bolt torque on all accessible mounting bolts meets the apparatus manufacturer’s specification.
• (+) Inspect all accessible bolts for internal flaws.

• Lower Boom Angle Indicator Lights. The lower boom angle indicator lights shall be inspected to verify that they are operating properly.
• Pneumatic and Electrical Lines. All pneumatic and electrical lines in the lower boom and the knuckle shall be inspected for proper mounting, wear, cracking, kinks, and abrasions.

6.8 Articulating Boom-Upper Boom Inspection and Test. For apparatus equipment with an articulating boom, the upper boom shall be inspected and tested in accordance with 6.8.1 through 6.8.15.

• Upper Boom for Alignment with Lower Boom. The up­per boom shall be inspected to verify it is aligned with the lower boom.
• Platform Leveling Linkages. The platform leveling link­ages shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect linkages for defects, such as weld cracks, dents, and bends.
  • (+) Inspect all welds of the leveling assembly.
  • (+) Inspect all leveling linkage pins for any internal flaws.
• Boom Boost Cylinder Brackets. The boom boost cylin­der brackets shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the boom boost cylinder brackets for de­fects, such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
  • (+) Inspect the boom boost cylinder bracket welds.
• Boom Boost Cylinders. The boom boost cylinders shall be inspected for any external hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Cylinder Link Pins. The cylinder link pins shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the cylinder link pins for proper installa­tion, lubrication, operation, and any irregularities.
  • (+) Inspect the cylinder link pins for internal flaws.
• Boom Assembly. The upper boom assembly shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the boom for defects, such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
  • Visually inspect all structural fasteners and fastener con­nections for cracked fasteners and material cracks around the fasteners.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on the boom.
  • (+) Take hardness readings at intervals of 710 mm (28 in.) or less on booms that are constructed of aluminum, and compare the results of this inspection with the manufac­turer’s specifications for the hardness of the material used for construction of the boom assembly.
• Hydraulic Lines and Hose in Upper Boom. All hydraulic lines and hose in die upper boom shall be inspected for proper mounting, abrasions, hydraulic fluid leakage, and wear.
• Cables, Chains, and Rods. All cables, chains, and rods shall be inspected for signs of wear and for proper adjustment.
• Sprockets, Pulleys, and Hooks. All sprockets, pulleys, and hooks shall be inspected for proper lubrication, signs of wear, distortion, and proper operation.
• Upper Boom Hold-Down Device. The upper boom hold-down device shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the upper boom hold-down device for de­fects and for proper operation.
  • (+) Inspect all welds of the upper boom hold-down device.
• Safety Stop Mechanism. The safety stop mechanism shall be verified to be operating properly.
• Upper Boom Elevation Cylinder Anchor Ears and Plates. The upper boom elevation anchor ears and plates shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the anchor ears and plates for defects and the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on the anchor ears and plates.
• Upper Boom Elevation Cylinder(s).
• The upper boom elevation cylinder(s) shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder rod(s) for pitting, scoring, and other defects.
  • Inspect the cylinder rod-to-barrel seal and the end gland seal for external hydraulic fluid leakage that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications.
• The upper boom elevation cylinder shall be sub­jected to a drift test as follows:
  • With the hydraulic fluid at ambient temperature, take measurements of the drift in accordance with the manu­facturer’s recommendations.
  • Verify that the results do not exceed the manufacturer’s specifications for allowable lower boom cylinder drift.
• Holding Valves on Upper Boom Elevation Cylinder.

The holding valve(s) shall be inspected for signs of external hydraulic fluid leakage.

• Pneumatic and Electrical Lines. All pneumatic and electrical lines in the upper boom shall be inspected for proper mounting, wear, cracking, kinks, and abrasions.

6.9 Telescoping Boom Inspection and Test. For platforms equipped with a telescoping boom, the boom shall be in­spected and tested in accordance with 5.4.14 through 5.4.17, 6.7.10 through 6.7.12, and 6.9.1 through 6.9.14.

6.9.1 Boom Assemblies. The boom assemblies shall be in­spected as follows:

• Visually inspect booms for defects, such as weld cracks, dents, or bends.
• Visually inspect all structural fasteners and fastened con­nections for cracked fasteners and material cracks around the fasteners.
• (+) Inspect all welds on booms.

(4) (+) Take hardness readings at intervals of 710 mm (28 in.) or less on booms that are constructed of aluminum, and compare the results of this inspection with the manufac­turer’s specifications for the hardness of the material used for construction of the boom assembly.

• Ancillary Boom Ladder. The ancillary boom ladder shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the ancillary boom ladder for any defects and the welds for fractures.
  • Inspect the mounting brackets for loose bolts, weld frac­tures, or other defects.
  • (+) Inspect all welds on the ladder and attaching welds.
• Guides, Wear Strips and Pads, and Slide Blocks. Guides, wear strips and pads, and slide blocks shall be inspected for proper installation and signs of wear.
• Extension Sheaves. The extension sheaves shall be in­spected as follows:
  • Inspect the extension sheaves for proper mounting, align­ment, and signs of wear.
  • (+) Inspect all welds of the extension sheave mounting brackets.
  • (+) Inspect retaining bolt for internal flaws.
• Extension Cables. Extension cables shall be inspected for compliance with Appendix A of SAE J959, Lifting Crane, Wire-Rope Strength Factors.
• Elevation Indicator. The elevation cylinder indicator shall be inspected for legibility and clarity.
• Maximum Extension Warning Device. During opera­tion, if the elevating platform is equipped with an audible de­vice that warns of the approach of maximum extension, the device shall be inspected to verify proper operation.
• Platform Leveling Cylinders. The platform leveling cyl­inders shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder rod(s) for pitting, scoring, and other defects.
  • Inspect the cylinder rod-to-barrel seal and the end gland seal for external hydraulic fluid leakage that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications.
  • Visually inspect the leveling system for proper installation.
  • Visually inspect the mounting of the leveling system for defects and the welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect all welds for mounting of the leveling system.
  • (+) Inspect all leveling cylinder pins for any internal flaws.
• Hydraulic Lines and Hose in Boom Assemblies. All hy­draulic lines and hose in the boom assemblies shall be in­spected for hydraulic fluid leakage, abrasions, and any signs of wear.
• Extension Cylinder Anchor Ears and Plates. The exten­sion cylinder anchor ears and plates shall be inspected as follows:
  • Visually inspect the extension cylinder anchor ears and plates for defects and the attaching welds for fractures.
  • (+) Inspect the extension cylinder anchor ears and the plate-attaching welds.
• Extension Cylinder Pins. The extension cylinder pins shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder pins for proper installation and re­tention.
  • (+) Inspect the cylinder pins for internal flaws.
• Extension Cylinder.
• The extension cylinders shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the cylinder rods for pitting, scoring, and other defects.
  • Inspect the cylinder rod-to-barrel seal and the end gland seal for external hydraulic fluid leakage that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications.
• The extension cylinders shall be subjected to a drift test as follows:
  • With the hydraulic fluid at ambient temperature, place the aerial device at full elevation and 3 m (10 ft) of extension.
  • Mark the cylinder position or the second boom section in relation to the base section.
  • Allow the elevating platform to stand for 1 hour with the engine off.
  • Measure the drift, and verify that the results do not ex­ceed the manufacturer’s specifications for allowable cylin­der drift.
• Holding Valves on Extension Cylinder. The holding valves shall be inspected for external hydraulic fluid leakage.
• Pneumadc and Electrical Lines. All pneumatic and electrical lines in the booms shall be inspected for proper mounting, wear, cracking, kinks, and abrasions.

 Operational Tests from Lower Controls.

• With engine speed set to allow maximum speed as per­mitted by the manufacturer, the elevating platform shall be operated in all positions, as allowed by the manufacturer, us­ing the lower or ground controls.
• The operation of the elevating platform shall include, but not be limited to, moving the platform from ground to maximum elevation as well as revolving the platform 360 de­grees to the left and to the right while the unit is at its maxi­mum horizontal reach.
• All safety devices shall operate properly.
• All controls shall operate smoothly, return to the neu­tral position when released, and not bind during operation.
• Rollers, slides, and sheave wheels on telescoping el­evating platforms shall be checked for proper alignment, function, and free operation.
• Acomplete test of elevating platform’s operation shall be conducted using the lower or ground controls.
• After starting the engine, setting the stabilizers, and transmitting power to the platform booms or sections, the el­evating platform shall be raised out of the bed, extended to its full height, and rotated through a90-degree turn.
• The elevating platform shall complete the procedure defined in 6.10.6.1 smoothly and without undue vibration within the time allowed by the edition of NFPA 1901, Standard far Auto­motive Five Apparatus, in effect at the time of manufacture.
• The elevating platform shall be retracted, the turn­table rotation shall be completed through 360 degrees, and the elevating platform shall be lowered to its bed.
• During the test, the proper operation of all elevating platform controls shall be verified.
• After the procedure defined in 6.10.6.3 is completed, a thorough inspection shall be made of all moving parts.
• Operational Tests from Platform Controls.
• With engine speed set to allow maximum speed as per­mitted by the manufacturer, the elevating platform shall be operated from the platform control station through all posi­tions, as allowed by the manufacturer, with only the operator in the platform.
• The operation of the elevating platform shall include, but not be limited to, movement of the platform from ground to maximum elevation, as well as revolving the platform 360 degrees to the left and to the right while the unit is at its maximum horizontal reach.
• All safety devices shall operate properly.
• The platform deactivation control, from the ground or lower controls, shall be demonstrated to operate properly.
• The platform shall level properly as the booms are moved through all allowable positions.
• The mechanical override on a hydraulically leveled platform shall operate properly during emergency lowering of the boom without hydraulic power.
  • Load Test.
    • The aerial apparatus shall be positioned on a hard, level surface with room for unrestricted boom movements. The stabilizers shall be deployed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
    • Aclose watch shall be maintained during all load tests for any signs of instability, the development of conditions that could cause damage or permanent deformation, or twist that exceeds the elevating platform manufacturer’s allowance. The test shall be discontinued immediately if such conditionsdevelop.
    • The platform shall be loaded as follows:
      • The platform shall be placed near the ground and shall be loaded to the elevating platform’s rated capacity minus the weight of equipment added to the platform after de- live ly.
      • The platform load shall be secured properly.
    • The unit shall be operated from the lower controls through all allowable phases of operation. The manufactur­er’s operational limits shall not be exceeded.
    • All boom movements shall exhibit no abnormal noise, vibration, or deflection.
    • The platform shall level properly as the booms are moved through all allowable positions.
    • At the conclusion of the load test, weld joints at stabi­lizer structure, stabilizers, frame, main frame, frame reinforce­ments, turntable, cylinder anchors, boom joints, leveling sys­tem, platform, and pivot pin bosses shall be inspected and shall show no signs of deterioration.
  • Water System Inspection and Test.

6.13.1 The waterway system shall be inspected as follows:

(1) Inspect the system for proper operation of all com­ponents.

(2) Inspect the system for rust, corrosion, blockage, or other defects.

• The waterway attaching brackets shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the brackets for loose bolts, weld fractures, or other defects.
  • (+) Inspect all attaching welds.
• Pressure Test. The water system shall be pressure tested.

6.13.3.1 If the elevating platform has a telescoping boom, the water system shall be tested following the procedure in 5.9.4.1 and 5.9.4.2.

6.13.3.2* If the elevating platform has an articulating boom, the water system shall be tested as follows:

• The boom shall be positioned in the road travel position.
• If there is not a valve at the discharge end of the water system, a valve shall be attached for the purpose of this test.
• The water system shall be filled with water, all air removed from the system, and the valve at the discharge end closed.
• The pressure on the system shall be raised to the water system manufacturer’s maximum-rated working pressure and shall be maintained while the elevating platform is raised to its rated vertical height and rotated 360 degrees.
• The water system, including the turntable swivel, shall be checked for leaks.
• Care shall be taken not to overheat the water pump.

Failure to remove all air from the water system could result in injury if there is a component failure during the test.

6.13.3.3 If the elevating platform has both a telescoping boom and an articulating boom, it shall be tested in accor­dance with 6.13.3.1 and 6.13.3.2.

6.13.3.4* The water system shall operate properly and with an absence of leaks during these tests.

• Flowmeter(s).
• If the waterway system is equipped with a flow­meters), the flowmeter(s) shall be tested at the water system manufacturer’s maximum-rated water system flow.
• Any meter that reads off by more than 10 percent shall be recalibrated, repaired, or replaced.
• Pressure Gauge(s).
• If the waterway system is equipped with a water pres­sure gauge (s), each water pressure gauge shall be checked for accuracy to at least 3 points at 3.45 bar (50 psi) intervals with­out exceeding the maximum rated working pressure of the waterway system.
• Any gauge that reads off by more than 0.7 bar (10 psi) shall be recalibrated, repaired, or replaced.
• If the waterway system is equipped with a relief valve (s), the relief valve (s) shall be checked to verify that it is operational at the waterway manufacturer’s recommended pressure setting.

6.14 Signs. All signs shall be inspected to verify they are in place and legible.

6.15* Hydraulic Fluid. After the operational tests have been performed, a sample of the hydraulic fluid shall be removed from the hydraulic reservoir and subjected to spectrochemical analysis, particle count, viscosity check, and water content analysis.

6.16* Records. A comprehensive record shall be completed for all tests of the elevating platform and signed by the person responsible for the test.

• When the torque verification of mounting bolts is per­formed as required by this standard, the bolt size, grade, and torque specifications shall be recorded.
• When NDT is conducted, the test record shall indicate the NDT method used in each inspected area.
• Where this standard requires measurements to be taken — such as bearing clearance and backlash, cylinder drift, relief pressure, ladder section twist, hardness readings, base rail thickness, extension brake drift, winch drift, and the like — these measurements shall be recorded in the test record so that a year-to-year comparison can be made.

Inspecting and Testing Water Towers

• In addition to the manufacturer’s recommendations for annual inspections and tests, the inspections and tests detailed in Sections 7.2 through 7.13 shall be performed.
• An inspection preceded by a plus sign (+) indicates that an appropriate nondestructive test (NDT) shall be conducted as required by 4.1.2 of this standard.
• Service Records. The water tower’s service records shall be checked for any reports that indicate defective conditions.
• Hydraulic Components. Hydraulic components shall show no signs of hydraulic fluid leakage.
• A component shall be considered leaking if hydraulic fluid (oil) droplets are forming on the component.
• A film of hydraulic fluid on the component shall not be considered severe enough to categorize the component as leaking.
• Turntable and Torque Box Inspection and Test. The turn­table and torque box components, where applicable, shall be inspected on all water tower apparatus in accordance with 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 and 5.4.4 through 5.4.29.
• Stabilizer Inspection and Test. The stabilizer compo­nents, where applicable, shall be inspected on all water tower apparatus in accordance with 5.5.1 through 5.5.14.
• Aerial Ladder Inspection and Test. For a water tower ap­paratus that is equipped with an aerial ladder, the aerial lad­der shall be inspected and tested in accordance with Sections
• and 5.8.
• Articulating Boom-Lower Boom Inspection and Test. For a water tower apparatus that is equipped with an articulating boom, the lower boom shall be inspected and tested in accor­dance with 6.7.1 through 6.7.6 and 6.7.8 through 6.7.14, as applicable.

• Articulating Boom-Upper Boom Inspection and Test. For a water tower apparatus that is equipped with an articulating boom, the upper boom shall be inspected and tested in accor­dance with 6.8.1 and 6.8.3 through 6.8.15, as applicable.

• Telescoping Boom Inspection and Test. For a water tower apparatus that is equipped with a telescoping boom, the boom shall be inspected and tested in accordance with 6.7.10 through 6.7.14, 6.9.1 through 6.9.7, and 6.9.9 through 6.9.14, as applicable.
• Operating Test.
• After starting the engine, setting the stabilizers, and transmitting power to the water tower, the water tower shall be fully elevated out of the bed, rotated 90 degrees, and fully extended.
• The water tower shall complete the procedure defined in 7.10.1 smoothly and without undue vibration within the time allowed by the edition of NFPA 1901, Standard for Automo­tive Fire Apparatus, in effect at the time of manufacture.
• The water tower shall be retracted, the turntable rota­tion shall be completed through 360 degrees, and then the water tower shall be lowered to its bed, after which a thorough inspection shall be made of all moving parts.
• The test shall demonstrate successful operation of all water tower controls.
• Water System Inspection and Test.
• The waterway system shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the system for proper operation of all compo­nents.
  • Inspect the system for rust, corrosion, blockage, or other defects.
• The waterway-attaching brackets shall be inspected as follows:
  • Inspect the brackets for loose bolts, weld fractures, or other defects.
  • (+) Inspect all attaching welds.
• Pressure Test. The water system shall be pressure tested.
• If the water tower has a telescoping boom, the water system shall be tested following the procedures in 5.9.4.1 and 5.9.4.2.
• If the water tower has an articulating boom, the water system shall be tested following the procedure in 6.13.3.2.
• If the water tower has both a telescoping boom and an articulating boom, it shall be tested in accordance with 7.11.3.1 and 7.11.3.2.

7.11.3.4* The water system shall operate properly and with an absence of leaks during these tests.

• Flowmeter(s).
• If the waterway system is equipped with a flowme­ters), the flowmeter (s) shall be tested at the water system manufacturer’s maximum-rated water system flow.
• Any meter that reads off by more than 10 percent shall be recalibrated, repaired, or replaced.
• Pressure Gauge(s).

7.11.5.1 If the waterway system is equipped with a water pres­sure gauge(s), each water pressure gauge shall be checked for accuracy to at least 3 points at 3.45 bar (50 psi) intervals with­out exceeding the maximum rated working pressure of the waterway system.

7.11.5.2 Any gauge that reads off by more than 0.7 bar (10 psi) shall be recalibrated, repaired, or replaced.

7.11.6 If the waterway system is equipped with a relief valve, this relief valve shall be checked to verify that it is opera­tional at the waterway manufacturer’s recommended pres­sure setting.

7.12 Signs. All signs shall be inspected to verify that they are in place and legible.

7.13* Hydraulic Fluid. After the operational tests have been performed, a sample of the hydraulic fluid shall be removed from the hydraulic reservoir and subjected to spectrochemical analysis, particle count, viscosity check, and water content analysis.

7.14* Records. A comprehensive record shall be completed for all tests of the water tower and signed by the person re­sponsible for the test.

• When the torque verification of mounting bolts is per­formed as required by this standard, the bolt size, grade, and torque specifications shall be recorded.
• When NDT is conducted, the test record shall indicate the NDT method used in each inspected area.
• Where this standard requires measurements to be taken — such as bearing clearance and backlash, cylinder drift, relief pressure, ladder section twist, hardness readings, base rail thickness, extension brake drift, winch drift, and the like — these measurements shall be recorded in the test record so that a year-to-year comparison can be made.