NFPA 1994 Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to Hazardous Materials Emergencies and CBRN Terrorism Incidents

Chapter 1 Administration
1.1 Scope.
1.1.1* This standard shall establish the minimum require¬ments for the design, performance, testing, documentation, and certification of protective ensembles and ensemble elements used during hazardous materials and chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) terrorism inci¬dents.
1.1.2* This standard shall establish requirements for protec¬tive ensembles and ensemble elements that are worn for a single exposure at incidents involving hazardous materials and CBRN terrorism agents.
1.1.2.1* This standard shall also establish requirements for ruggedized ensembles that can be used multiple times where there is no exposure to hazardous materials and CBRN terror¬ism agents and that provide a greater level of physical hazard resistance and increased durability.
1.1.2.2 This standard shall also establish additional optional requirements for hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles for escape protection only from chemical flash fires encountered during hazardous materials and CBRN incidents.
1.1.2.3 This standard shall also establish additional optional requirements for hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles addressing stealth characteristics of ensembles.
1.1.3 This standard shall establish requirements for new hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements.
1.1.4* This standard shall not establish requirements for respi¬ratory protection for incidents involving hazardous materials or CBRN terrorism agents. Appropriate respiratory protection for the incidents involving specific hazardous materials or CBRN terrorism agent exposure is a critical part of overall protection and shall be specified and provided by the authority having jurisdiction.
1.1.5 This standard shall not establish requirements for any fire-fighting applications.
1.1.6* This standard shall not establish requirements for protection at incidents involving ionizing radiation, liquefied gas, cryogenic liquid hazards, explosives, or explosive atmos¬pheres.
1.1.7 This standard shall not apply to any accessories that could be attached to the certified product, before or after purchase, but are not necessary for the certified product to meet the requirements of this standard.
1.1.8 This standard shall not be construed as addressing all of the safety concerns associated with the use of compliant hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements. It shall be the responsibility of the persons and organizations that use compliant hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements to estab¬lish safety and health practices and to determine the applicabil¬ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1.9 This standard shall not be construed as addressing all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of this stand¬ard by testing facilities. It shall be the responsibility of the persons and organizations that use this standard to conduct testing of hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements to establish safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to using this standard for any designing, manufacturing, and testing.
1.1.10 Nothing herein shall restrict any jurisdiction or manu¬facturer from exceeding these minimum requirements.
1.2 Purpose.
1.2.1* The purpose of this standard shall be to establish mini¬mum levels of protection for emergency first responder person¬nel assigned to incidents involving hazardous materials and CBRN terrorism agents.
1.2.1.1 To achieve this purpose, this standard shall establish minimum requirements for hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements for emergency first responder personnel responding to incidents involving hazardous materials and CBRN terrorism agents, and for emer¬gency first responder personnel exposed to victims or materials during assessment, extrication, rescue, triage, decontamina¬tion, treatment, site security, crowd management, and force protection operations at incidents involving hazardous materi¬als and CBRN terrorism agents.
1.2.1.2 This standard shall provide emergency first responder personnel with four levels of hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements that could be selected for minimum protection of emergency first responder personnel based on what the incident risk analysis indicates is necessary protection for the intended operations.
1.2.1.3 This standard shall establish a level of physical hazard resistance for three of the four levels of CBRN ensembles and ensemble elements that could be selected for those operations where ensembles are used multiple times without exposure to hazardous materials and CBRN terrorism agents and for opera¬tions requiring increased durability.
1.2.1.4 This standard shall establish a minimum level of limi¬ted chemical flash fire protection for escape only in the event of a chemical flash fire, as an option for compliant CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements.
1.2.1.5 This standard shall establish a minimum level of stealth characteristics, as an option for compliant CBRN ensembles.
1.2.2 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine compli¬ance with the performance requirements of this standard shall not be deemed as establishing performance levels for all situa¬tions to which personnel can be exposed.
1.2.3 This standard is not intended to be utilized as a detailed manufacturing or purchase specification, but shall be permit¬ted to be referenced in purchase specifications as minimum requirements.
1.3 Application.
1.3.1* The requirements for Class 1 hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply to ensembles designed to provide protection to emergency first responder personnel at incidents involving vapor or liquid chemical hazards where the concentrations are at or above immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), requiring the use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
1.3.2 The requirements for Class 2 hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply to ensembles designed to provide limited protection to emer¬gency first responder personnel at hazardous materials or terrorism incidents involving vapor or liquid chemical hazards where the concentrations are at or above immediately danger¬ous to life and health (IDLH), requiring the use of self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
1.3.3 The requirements for Class 3 hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply to ensembles designed to provide limited protection to emer¬gency first responder personnel at hazardous materials or terrorism incidents involving low levels of vapor or liquid chemical hazards, where the concentrations are below immedi¬ately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), permitting the use of air-purifying respirators (APR).
1.3.4 The requirements for Class 4 hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply to ensembles designed to provide limited protection to emer¬gency first responder personnel at terrorism incidents involv¬ing particulate hazards, including biological hazards or radiological particulate hazards, where the concentrations are below immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), permitting the use of air-purifying respirators (APR).
1.3.5 This standard shall apply to the design, manufacturing, and certification processes for new hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements for inci¬dents involving CBRN terrorism agents.
1.3.6 This edition of NFPA 1994 shall not apply to any CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements manufactured to prior editions of this standard.
1.3.7 This standard shall not apply to any hazardous materials or CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements for inci¬dents involving hazardous materials or CBRN terrorism inci¬dents, which are manufactured in accordance with other specifications or the standards of other organizations.
1.3.8 This standard shall not apply to use requirements for hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements for incidents involving hazardous materials or CBRN terrorism agents, as these requirements are specified in NFPA 1500.
1.3.9* The requirements of this standard shall not apply to any accessories that might be attached to any CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble elements.
1.4 Units.
1.4.1 In this standard, values for measurement are followed by an equivalent in parentheses, but only the first stated value shall be regarded as the requirement.
1.4.2 Equivalent values in parentheses shall not be considered as the requirement, as these values are approximate.
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
2.1 General. The documents or portions thereoflisted in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.
2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic¬tion.
3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.
3.2.3 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organ¬ization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peri¬odic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materi¬als, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.
3.2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalua¬tion of services, and whose listing states that either the equip¬ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
3.2.5 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.
3.2.6 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
3.2.7 Standard. An NFPA Standard, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase “standards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards, including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides.
3.3 General Definitions.
3.3.1 Agents.
3.3.1.1 Biological Terrorism Agents. Liquid or particulate agents that can consist of a biologically derived toxin or pathogen used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties, generally on a civilian population as a result of a terrorist attack.
3.3.1.5* Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents. Particles that emit ionizing radiation in excess of normal background levels used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties, generally on a civilian population, as the result of a terrorist attack.
3.3.2 Assembly. The portion of the manufacturing process including, but not limited to, sewing, gluing, laminating, tack¬ing, or other means of attaching whereby materials or compo¬nent parts are put together to form a portion of the compliant product, or the complete compliant product.
3.3.2.1 Garment Closure Assembly. The combination of the garment closure and the seam attaching the garment closure to the garment, including any protective flap or cover.
3.3.3 Biological Terrorism Agents. See 3.3.1.1.
3.3.4 Care. Procedures for cleaning, decontamination, and storage of protective ensembles and ensemble elements.
3.3.5 CBRN. Abbreviation for Chemical, Biological, Radiolog¬ical, and Nuclear.
3.3.6 CBRN Barrier Material. The part of the composite that is intended to provide protection against CBRN terrorism agents.
3.3.7 CBRN Terrorism Agents. The term used to refer to chemical terrorism agents including both chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals, biological terrorism agents, and radiological particulate terrorism agents. (See also 3.3.1.1, Biological Terrorism Agents, 3.3.1.3, Chemical Terrorism Agents, and 3.3.1.5, Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents.)
3.3.8 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and Ensemble Elements. Multiple elements, categorized as Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, or Class 4 CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements, designed to provide minimum full-body protection against exposure to chemical/biological terrorism agents occurring during chemical/biological terrorism emer¬gencies.
3.3.8.1 Class 1 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble elements designed to protect emergency first responder personnel at terrorism incidents involving vapor or liquid chemical hazards where the concentrations are at or above immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), requiring the use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
3.3.8.2 Class 2 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble elements designed to protect emergency first responder personnel at terrorism incidents involving vapor or liquid chemical hazards where the concentrations are at or above immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), requiring the use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
3.3.8.3 Class 3 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble elements designed to protect emergency first responder personnel at terrorism incidents involving low levels of vapor or liquid chemical hazards where the concentrations are below immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), permitting the use of CBRN air-purifying respirators (APR) or CBRN-powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR).
3.3.8.4 Class 4 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble elements designed to protect emergency first responder personnel at terrorism incidents involving biological hazards or radiological particulate hazards where the concentrations are below immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), permitting the use of air-purifying respira¬tors (APR) or powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR).
3.3.9 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear. The
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to the foot, ankle, and lower leg.
3.3.10 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear Cover.
The item of the protective ensemble to be worn over standard footwear to provide barrier and physical protection to the wear¬er’s feet.
3.3.11 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s). The
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to the upper and lower torso, head, arms, and legs; excluding the hands and feet.
3.3.12 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s). The
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to the wearer’s hands and wrists.
3.3.13 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood. The
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to the wearer’s head and neck.
3.3.14 Certification/Certified. A system whereby a certifica¬tion organization determines that a manufacturer has demon¬strated the ability to produce a product that complies with the requirements of this standard, authorizes the manufacturer to use a label on listed products that comply with the require¬ments of this standard, and establishes a follow-up program conducted by the certification organization as a check on the methods the manufacturer uses to determine continued compliance with the requirements of this standard.
3.3.15* Certification Organization. An independent, third- party organization established for product testing and evalua¬tion that administers a labeling/listing/follow-up program.
3.3.16 Chemical Terrorism Agents. Liquid, solid, gaseous, and vapor chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemi¬cals used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties, generally on a civilian population as a result of a terrorist attack.
3.3.17 Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents. Liquid, solid, and gas chemical agents (most are liquids) traditionally used during warfare or armed conflict to kill or incapacitate an enemy. (See also 3.3.1.3, Chemical Terrorism Agents, and 3.3. 75, Toxic Industrial Chemicals.)
3.3.18 Class 1 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. See 3.3.8.1.
3.3.19 Class 2 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. See 3.3.8.2.
3.3.20 Class 3 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. See 3.3.8.3.
3.3.21 Class 4 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. See 3.3.8.4.
3.3.22 Compliance/Compliant. Product that meets or exceeds all applicable requirements of this standard and is certified.
3.3.23* Component. Any material, part, or subassembly used in the construction of the compliant product.
3.3.24 Composite. The layer or layers of materials or compo¬nents.
3.3.25 Cryogenic Gas. See 3.3.43.1.
3.3.26 Elastomer. A polymeric material that returns to its orig¬inal length and shape after stretching.
3.3.27* Elastomeric Interface Material. An exposed elasto- meric material that is not otherwise used as garment material, which provides an interface between components of the ensemble and ensemble elements, other than seams, and if applicable, the interface between the respirator facepiece and the ensemble or ensemble elements.
3.3.28 Emergency First Responder Personnel. Those persons, including members of fire departments, police departments, other law enforcement agencies, hazardous materials response teams, emergency medical services, and other organizations that have public safety responsibilities and who would respond to rescue and treat victims, and who would protect the public during an emergency incident.
3.3.29* Encapsulating. A type of CBRN protective ensemble that provides vaportight or liquidtight protection to the upper and lower torso, head, hands, and feet and completely covers the wearer and the wearer’s respirator. (See also 3.3.61.1, CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and Ensemble Elements, and 3.3.53, NonencapsulatingEnsemble.)
3.3.30 Encapsulating Ensemble. A type of ensemble that completely covers the wearer and the wearer’s respirator.
3.3.31 Ensemble(s). See 3.3.8, CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements.
3.3.32 Ensemble Elements. Multiple elements, including garments, gloves, footwear, and hoods.
3.3.33* External Fittings. Any fitting externally located on, and part of, the ensemble which is not part of the garment material, visor material, gloves, footwear, seams, or closure assembly.
3.3.34 First Responder Personnel. See 3.3.28, Emergency First Responder Personnel.
3.3.35 Follow-Up Program. The sampling, inspections, tests, or other measures conducted by the certification organization on a periodic basis to determine the continued compliance of labeled and listed products that are being produced by the manufacturer to the requirements of this standard.
3.3.36 Footwear.
3.3.36.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear. See
3.3.9.
3.3.36.2 Protective Footwear. An abbreviated term for CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear. (See also 3.3.9, CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear.)
3.3.36.3 Standard Footwear. Footwear approved by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) for wear with protective garments as defined in 3.3.11 and, where required, worn with a CBRN terrorism incident protective footwear cover. (See 3.3.10.)
3.3.37 Footwear Cover. See 3.3.37.1, CBRN Terrorism Inci¬dent Protective Footwear Cover.
3.3.37.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear Cover. See 3.3.10.
3.3.38 Footwear Upper. That portion of the footwear element above the sole.
3.3.39 Garment(s).
3.3.39.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s). See 3.3.11.
3.3.39.2 Outer Garment. A garment worn over another garment component to meet the requirements of this stand¬ard.
3.3.39.3 Protective Garment(s). An abbreviated term for CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Gannent(s). [See 3.3.11, CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s).]
3.3.40 Garment Closure. The garment component designed and configured to allow the wearer to don (put on) and doff (take off) the CBRN terrorism incident protective ensemble and ensemble elements.
3.3.41 Garment Closure Assembly. See 3.3.2.1.
3.3.42 Garment Material. See 3.3.51.2.
3.3.43 Gas.
3.3.43.1 Cryogenic Gas. A refrigerated liquid gas having a boiling point below -130°F (-90°C) at atmospheric pres¬sure.
3.3.43.2* Liquefied Gas. A gas that, under its charged pres¬sure, is partially liquid at 21 °C (70°F).
3.3.44 Glove(s).
3.3.44.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s). See
3.3.12.
3.3.44.2 Outer Glove. A glove worn over another glove component for the purposes of providing additional protec¬tion to the wearer and to meet the requirements of this standard.
3.3.44.3 Protective Glove(s). An abbreviated term for CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s). [See 3.3.12, CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s).]
3.3.45 Hood(s).
3.3.45.1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood(s). See
3.3.13.
3.3.45.2 Protective Hood(s). An abbreviated term for CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood(s). [See 3.3.13, CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood(s)l
3.3.46 Integrity Footwear Cover. A component of the protec¬tive footwear element designed and configured to be worn over an outerboot to provide footwear with liquid-splash protection when integrated with the protective ensemble.
3.3.47 Ionizing Radiation. Radiation of sufficient energy to alter the atomic structure of materials or cells with which it interacts, including electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, and microwaves, and particulate radiation such as alpha and beta particles.
3.3.48 Liquefied Gas. See 3.3.43.2.
3.3.49 Maintenance. Procedures for inspection, repair, and removal from service of CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements.
3.3.50 Manufacturer. The entity that directs and controls compliant product design, compliant product manufacturing, or compliant product quality assurance; or, the entity that assumes the liability for the compliant product or provides the warranty for the compliant product.
3.3.51 Material.
3.3.51.1 CBRN Barrier Material. See 3.3.6.
3.3.51.2 Garment Material. The principal protective cloth¬ing material used in the construction of CBRN terrorism incident protective ensembles and ensemble elements.
3.3.51.3 Protective Clothing Material. Any material or composite used in CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble elements for the purpose of protecting parts of the wearer’s body against chemical/biological terrorism agents, or against physical hazards.
3.3.51.4 Visor Material. The transparent chemical- protective clothing material that allows the wearer to see outside the CBRN terrorism incident protective ensemble and ensemble elements.
4.1.5.2 Glove elements, footwear elements, and hood elements that are provided, sold, or distributed as individual elements shall be required to be separately labeled and listed. The individual element product listing shall include the ensem¬ble with which the element is certified.
4.1.6 All compliant products shall also have a product label that meets the requirements specified in Section 5.1, Product Labeling Requirements.
4.1.7 The certification organization’s label, symbol, or identi¬fying mark shall be part of the product label, shall be attached to the product label, or shall be immediately adjacent to the product label.
4.1.8 The certification organization shall not issue any new certifications to the 2012 edition of NFPA 1994 on or after the effective date for NFPA 1994, 2017 edition, which is August 21, 2017.
4.1.9 The certification organization shall not permit any manufacturer to continue to label any products that are certi¬fied as compliant with the 2012 edition of NFPA 1994, on or after August 21, 2018.
4.1.10 The certification organization shall require manufac¬turers to remove all certification labels and product labels indi¬cating compliance with the 2012 edition of NFPA 1994, from all products that are under the control of the manufacturer on August 21, 2018 and the certification organization shall verify this action is taken.
4.2 Certification Program.
4.2.1* The certification organization shall not be owned or controlled by manufacturers or vendors of the product being certified.
4.2.2 The certification organization shall be primarily engaged in certification work and shall not have a monetary interest in the product’s ultimate profitability.
4.2.3 The certification organization shall be accredited for personal protective equipment in accordance with ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services. The accreditation shall be issued by an accreditation body operating in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment — General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies.
4.2.4 The certification organization shall refuse to certify products to this standard that do not comply with all applicable requirements of this standard.
4.2.5* The contractual provisions between the certification organization and the manufacturer shall specify that certifica¬tion is contingent on compliance with all applicable require¬ments of this standard.
4.2.5.1 The certification organization shall not offer or confer any conditional, temporary, or partial certifications.
4.2.5.2 Manufacturers shall not be authorized to use any label or reference to the certification organization on products that are not compliant with all applicable requirements of this standard.
4.2.6* The certification organization shall have or have access to laboratory facilities and equipment for conducting proper tests to determine product compliance.
4.2.6.1 The certification organization laboratory facilities shall have a program in place and functioning for calibration of all instruments, and procedures shall be in use to ensure proper control of all testing.
4.2.6.2 The certification organization laboratory facilities shall follow good practice regarding the use of laboratory manuals, form data sheets, documented calibration and calibration routines, performance verification, proficiency testing, and staff qualification and training programs.
4.2.7 The certification organization shall require the manufac¬turer to establish and maintain a quality assurance program that meets the requirements of Section 4.5, Manufacturers’ Quality Assurance Program.
4.2.7.1* The certification organization shall require the manufacturer to have a product recall system specified in Section 4.8, Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product Recall Systems, as part of the manufacturer’s quality assurance program.
4.2.7.2 The certification organization shall audit the manufac¬turer’s quality assurance program to ensure that the quality assurance program provides continued product compliance with this standard.
4.2.8 The certification organization and the manufacturer shall evaluate any changes affecting the form, fit, or function of the compliant product to determine its continued certification to this standard.
4.2.9* The certification organization shall have a follow-up inspection program of the manufacturer’s facilities of the compliant product with at least two random and unannounced visits per 12-month period to verify the product’s continued compliance.
4.2.9.1 As part of the follow-up inspection program, the certif¬ication organization shall select sample compliant product at random from the manufacturer’s production line, from the manufacturer’s in-house stock, or from the open market.
4.2.9.2 Sample product shall be evaluated by the certification organization to verify the product’s continued compliance in order to assure that the materials, components, and manufac¬turing quality assurance systems are consistent with the materi¬als, components, and manufacturing quality assurance that were inspected and tested by the certification organization during initial certification and recertification.
4.2.9.3 The certification organization shall be permitted to conduct specific testing to verify the product’s continued compliance.
4.2.9.4 For products, components, and materials where prior testing, judgment, and experience of the certification organiza¬tion have shown results to be in jeopardy of not complying with this standard, the certification organization shall conduct more frequent testing of sample product, components, and materials acquired in accordance with 4.2.9.1 against the applicable requirements of this standard.
4.2.10 The certification organization shall have in place a series of procedures, as specified in Section 4.6, Hazards Involv¬ing Compliant Product, that address reports of situations in which a compliant product is subsequently found to be hazard¬ous.
4.3.16.1 The certification organization shall test ensemble elements with the specific ensemble(s) with which they are to be used.
4.3.16.2 The designation of the certified ensemble(s) with which compliant ensemble elements have been certified shall be clearly indicated on the product label of the certified ensemble element.
4.3.17 Any change in the design, construction, or material of a compliant product shall necessitate new inspection and testing to verify compliance to all applicable requirements of this standard that the certification organization determines can be affected by such change. This recertification shall be conduc¬ted before labeling the modified product as being compliant with this standard.
4.3.18 The manufacturer shall maintain all design and performance inspection and test data from the certification organization used in the certification of the manufacturer’s compliant product. The manufacturer shall provide such data, upon request, to the purchaser or authority having jurisdiction.
4.3.19* Unless otherwise noted in this standard, any combina¬tion of materials or multipiece ensemble element that is needed to meet any of the performance requirements specified in Chapter 7 shall be required to meet all the requirements for that particular part of the ensemble or ensemble element.
4.4 Annual Verification of Product Compliance.
4.4.1 All products that are labeled as being compliant with this standard shall undergo recertification on an annual basis.
4.4.1.1 This recertification shall include inspection and evalu¬ation to the design requirements and testing to the perform¬ance requirements as required by this standard on all manufacturers’ compliant product models.
4.4.1.2 Any change that affects the compliant product performance under design or performance requirements of this standard shall constitute a different model.
4.4.1.3 For the purpose of this standard, models shall include each unique pattern, style, or design of the compliant prod¬ucts.
4.4.2 Samples of manufacturer’s models and components for recertification shall be acquired from the manufacturer or component supplier during random and unannounced visits as part of the follow-up program specified in 4.2.9.
4.4.2.1 For recertification, the certification organization shall acquire at least one complete compliant product.
4.4.2.2 The certification organization shall also acquire a suffi¬cient quantity of components to be tested for recertification as required by 4.4.3.
4.4.3 Compliant products and components shall be inspected, evaluated, and tested as specified in 4.4.3.1 and 4.4.3.2. Inspec¬tion, evaluation, and testing performed as part of the follow-up program shall be permitted to be used for recertification to avoid duplication.
4.4.3.1 One sample of each compliant product shall be inspec¬ted and evaluated to the design requirements specified in Chapter 6.
4.4.3.2 One specimen of each compliant ensemble shall be permitted to be tested for each overall ensemble performance test as specified in the ensemble general requirements in Chap¬ter 7.
4.4.3.3 Each compliant element and component shall be tested for overall performance as specified in the appropriate element requirements in Chapter 7, with the following modifi¬cations:
(1) Chemical permeation resistance testing specified for Class 1 ensembles shall be limited to the following chemi¬cals:
(a) Ammonia
(b) Acrolein
(c) Acrylonitrile
(d) Chlorine
(e) Dimethyl sulfate
(2) Chemical permeation resistance testing specified for Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, and Class 3R ensembles shall be limited to the following chemicals:
(a) Acrylonitrile
(b) Ammonia
(c) Dimethyl sulfate
4.4.3.3.1 With the exception of chemical permeation testing, a total of two specimens shall be permitted for ensemble material and component testing requirements. If the testing is specified for both directions of a material, a total of two specimens per material direction shall be permitted for testing requirements.
4.4.4 The manufacturer shall maintain all design, inspection, performance, and test data from the certification organization produced during the recertification of manufacturers’ models and components. The manufacturer shall provide such data, on request, to the purchaser or to the authority having jurisdic¬tion.
4.5 Manufacturers’ Quality Assurance Program.
4.5.1 The manufacturer shall provide and operate a quality assurance program that meets the requirements of this section and that includes a product recall system as specified in 4.2.7.1 and Section 4.8, Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product Recall Systems.
4.5.2 The operation of the quality assurance program shall evaluate and test compliant product production to the require¬ments of this standard to assure production remains in compli¬ance.
4.5.3* The manufacturer shall be registered to ISO/DIS 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements.
4.5.3.1 Registration to the requirements of ISO/DIS 9001,
Quality management systems — Requirements, shall be conducted by a registrar that is accredited for personal protective equip¬ment in accordance with ISO/IEC 17021, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems.
4.5.3.2 The scope of the ISO registration shall include at least the design and manufacturing systems management for the personal protective equipment being certified.
4.5.3.3 The registrar shall affix the accreditation mark on the ISO registration certificate.
4.5.4* Any entity that meets the definition of manufacturer specified in Section 3.3, General Definitions, and therefore is considered to be the “manufacturer” but does not manufacture or assemble the compliant product, shall meet the require¬ments specified in Section 4.5.
4.5.5* Where the manufacturer uses subcontractors in the construction or assembly of the compliant product, the loca¬tions and names of all subcontractor facilities shall be docu¬mented, and the documentation shall be provided to the manufacturer’s ISO registrar and the certification organization.
4.5.5.1 Component manufacturers shall be considered as subcontractors.
4.5.5.2 Subcontractors shall include but not be limited to a person or persons, or a company, firm, corporation, partner¬ship, or other organization having an agreement with or under contract with the compliant product manufacturer to supply or assemble components of the compliant product, or to assemble portions of the compliant product.
4.5.5.3 The assembly portion of the manufacturing process shall include but not be limited to the sewing, gluing, laminat¬ing, tacking, or other means of attaching whereby materials or component parts are joined together to form a portion, a component, or a complete compliant product.
4.5.6 All subcontractors, where different from the manufac¬turer, shall also be registered to the requirements of ISO/DIS 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, for manufac¬turing, unless the provisions specified in 4.5.6.1 and 4.5.6.2 apply.
4.5.6.1 The manufacturer shall be permitted to include subcontractors in the manufacturer’s ISO/DIS 9001 registra¬tion in lieu of requiring the subcontractor to have their own ISO registration.
4.5.6.2 Where the manufacturer applies their ISO registration to subcontractors, this action shall require the inclusion of the subcontractors’ addresses and functions on the manufacturer’s ISO/DIS 9001 registration certificate, and the manufacturer shall provide the certification organization with copies of the ISO/DIS 9001 registrar’s reports showing acceptable inclusion of these locations for the functions they perform for the manu-facturer.
4.6 Hazards Involving Compliant Product.
4.6.1* The certification organization shall establish proce¬dures to be followed where situation(s) are reported in which a compliant product is subsequently found to be hazardous or unfit for use. These procedures shall comply with the provi¬sions of ISO Guide 27, Guidelines for corrective action to be taken by a certification body in the event of misuse of its mark of conformity, and as modified herein.
4.6.2* Where a report of a hazard involved with a compliant product is received by the certification organization, the valid¬ity of the report shall be investigated.
4.6.3 With respect to a compliant product, a hazard shall be a condition or create a situation that results in exposing life, limb, or property to an imminently dangerous or dangerous condition.
4.6.4 Where a specific hazard is identified, the determination of the appropriate action for the certification organization and the manufacturer to undertake shall take into consideration the severity of the hazard and its consequences to the safety and health of users.
4.6.5 Where it is established that a hazard is involved with a compliant product, the certification organization shall deter¬mine the scope of the hazard including products, model numbers, serial numbers, factory production facilities, produc¬tion runs, and quantities involved.
4.6.6 The certification organization’s investigation shall include, but not be limited to, the extent and scope of the problem as it might apply to other compliant products or compliant product components manufactured by other manu¬facturers or certified by other certification organizations.
4.6.7 The certification organization shall also investigate reports of a hazard where compliant product is gaining wide¬spread use in applications not foreseen when the standard was written, such applications in turn being ones for which the product was not certified, and no specific scope of application has been provided in the standard, and no limiting scope of application was provided by the manufacturer in written mate¬rial accompanying the compliant product at the point of sale.
4.6.8 The certification organization shall require the manufac¬turer of the compliant product, or the manufacturer of the compliant product component if applicable, to assist the certifi¬cation organization in the investigation and to conduct its own investigation as specified in Section 4.7, Manufacturers’ Investi¬gation of Complaints and Returns.
4.6.9 Where the facts indicating a need for corrective action are conclusive and the certification organization’s appeal procedures referenced in 4.2.11 have been followed, the certifi¬cation organization shall initiate corrective action immediately, provided there is a manufacturer to be held responsible for such action.
4.6.10 Where the facts are conclusive and corrective action is indicated, but there is no manufacturer to be held responsible, such as when the manufacturer is out of business or the manu¬facturer is bankrupt, the certification organization shall imme¬diately notify relevant governmental and regulatory agencies and issue a notice to the user community about the hazard.
4.6.11* Where the facts are conclusive and corrective action is indicated, the certification organization shall take one or more of the following corrective actions:
(1) Notification of parties authorized and responsible for issuing a safety alert when, in the opinion of the certifica¬tion organization, such a notification is necessary to inform the users.
(2) Notification of parties authorized and responsible for issuing a product recall when, in the opinion of the certif¬ication organization, such a recall is necessary to protect the users.
(3) Removing the mark of certification from the product.
(4) Where a hazardous condition exists and it is not practical to implement item (1), (2), or (3), or the responsible parties refuse to take corrective action, the certification organization shall notify relevant governmental and regu¬latory agencies and issue a notice to the user community about the hazard.
4.6.12 The certification organization shall provide a report to the organization or individual identifying the reported hazard¬ous condition and notify them of the corrective action indica¬ted, or that no corrective action is indicated.
4.6.13* Where a change to an NFPA standard(s) is felt to be necessary, the certification organization shall also provide a copy of the report and corrective actions indicated to the NFPA, and shall also submit either a Public Proposal for a proposed change to the next revision of the applicable stand¬ard, or a proposed Temporary Interim Amendment (TIA) to the current edition of the applicable standard.
4.7 Manufacturers’ Investigation of Complaints and Returns.
4.7.1 Manufacturers shall provide corrective action in accord¬ance with ISO/DIS 9001, Quality management systems — Require¬ments, for investigating written complaints and returned products.
4.7.2 Manufacturers’ records of returns and complaints rela¬ted to safety issues shall be retained for at least 5 years.
4.7.3 Where the manufacturer discovers, during the review of specific returns or complaints, that a compliant product or compliant product component can constitute a potential safety risk to end users that is possibly subject to a safety alert or prod¬uct recall, the manufacturer shall immediately contact the certification organization and provide all information about their review to assist the certification organization with their investigation.
4.8 Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product Recall Systems.
4.8.1 Manufacturers shall establish a written safety alert system and a written product recall system that describes the proce¬dures to be used in the event that it decides, or is directed by the certification organization, to either issue a safety alert or to conduct a product recall.
4.8.2 The manufacturers’ safety alert and product recall system shall provide the following:
(1) Establishment of a coordinator and responsibilities by the manufacturer for the handling of safety alerts and prod¬uct recalls
(2) Method of notifying all dealers, distributors, purchasers, users, and the NFPA about the safety alert or product recall that can be initiated within a 1-week period follow¬ing the manufacturer’s decision to issue a safety alert or to conduct a product recall, or after the manufacturer has been directed by the certification organization to issue a safety alert or conduct a product recall
(3) Techniques for communicating accurately and under¬standably the nature of the safety alert or product recall and in particular the specific hazard or safety issue found to exist
(4) Procedures for removing product that is recalled and for documenting the effectiveness of the product recall
(5) Plan for either repairing, or replacing, or compensating purchasers for returned product
Chapter 5 Labeling and Information
5.1 Product Labeling Requirements. 5.1.1 General.
5.1.1.1 Each protective ensemble shall have a product label permanendy and conspicuously attached to, embossed on, or printed on each separable element of the ensemble when the ensemble is properly assembled with all layers, components, and component parts in place.
5.1.1.2 Each glove element shall have a product label perma¬nendy and conspicuously attached to, embossed on, or printed on the top outside of the gauntlet of each glove piece when the glove is properly assembled with all layers, components, and component parts in place. In place of the product label being affixed to the glove, the product label shall be permitted to be attached to, printed on, or inserted into each package contain¬ing one or more pairs of gloves.
5.1.1.3 Each footwear element shall have a product label permanendy and conspicuously attached to, embossed on, or printed on the inside of each footwear piece when the footwear is properly assembled with all layers, components, and compo¬nent parts in place. In place of the product label being affixed to the footwear, the product label shall be permitted to be attached to, printed on, or inserted into each package contain¬ing one or more pairs of footwear.
5.1.1.4 Multiple label pieces shall be permitted in order to carry all statements and information required to be on the product label; however, all label pieces comprising the entire product label shall be located adjacent to each other.
5.1.1.5 All worded portions of the required product label shall at least be in English.
5.1.1.6 Symbols and other pictorial graphic representations shall be permitted to be used to supplement worded statements on the product label(s) where such symbols and other pictorial graphic representations are clearly explained in the user infor¬mation.
5.1.1.7* The certification organization’s label, symbol, or identifying mark shall be legibly printed on the product label. All letters shall be at least 6 mm (‘4 in.) high.
5.1.1.8 The compliance and information statements specified in 5.1.2 or 5.1.3, as applicable for the specific ensemble or ensemble element, shall be legibly printed on the product label. All letters shall be at least 2.5 mm (%2 in.) high.
5.1.1.9 In addition to the compliance and information state¬ments required by 5.1.1.8, at least the following information shall also be printed legibly on the product label (s) and shall be at least 1.6 mm (‘/ib in.) high:
(1) Manufacturer’s name, identification, or designation
(2) Manufacturer’s address
(3) Country of manufacture
(4) Model, style, or serial number
(5) Size
(6) Garment, glove, footwear, ensemble material(s)
(7) Visor material (s) if provided
(8) Glove element for the ensemble
(9) Footwear element for the ensemble
(10) Hood element for the ensemble
(11) “Breathable (see manufacturer’s Technical Data Pack¬age)” as required by 6.2.7
5.1.1.10 Where detachable components, including but not limited to outer garments, outer gloves, or outer boots, must be worn with an ensemble or ensemble element in order for the ensemble or ensemble element to be compliant with this stand¬ard, at least the following statement and information shall also be printed legibly on the product label of the ensemble or ensemble element that requires an additional component. All
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 pg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 [ig/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 (jg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 ng/cm2.
7.1.2.2 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not less than 200 N (45 Ibf).
7.1.2.2.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not less than 156 N (35 lbf).
7.1.2.3 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for puncture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Punc¬ture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a punc¬ture propagation tear resistance of not less than 49 N (11 lbf).
7.1.2.3.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for puncture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Puncture Propagation Tear Resist¬ance Test, and shall have a puncture propagation tear resist¬ance of not less than 31 N (7 lbf).
7.1.2.4 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m (14 in.-lbf) at an angu¬lar deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.1.2.5 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for resistance to flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27, and shall have an afterflame time of not greater than 2.0 seconds and shall not melt and drip.
7.1.2.6 Class 1 garment seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
7.1.2.7 Class 1 garment closure assemblies shall be tested for closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
7.1.2.8 Class 1 Garment Visor Requirements.
7.1.2.8.1 Class 1 garment visor materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 ng/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (CD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 |j,g/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |xg/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |xg/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
7.1.2.8.2 Class 1 garment visor materials shall be tested for high mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall not have a full- thickness puncture, cracks, holes, or fractures.
7.1.2.8.3 Class 1 garment visor materials shall be tested for resistance to flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27, and shall have an afterflame time of not greater than 2.0 seconds and shall not melt and drip.
7.1.2.8.4 Class 1 garment visor material seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
7.1.2.9 Class 1 Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements.
7.1.2.9.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon¬gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
7.1.2.9.2 Where the Class 1 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 ng/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (CD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 |j,g/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |xg/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |xg/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
7.2.2.4 Class 2 garment materials shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m (‘/2 in.-lbf) at an angu¬lar deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.2.2.5 Class 2 garment seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.2.2.6 Class 2 garment closure assemblies shall be tested for closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.2.2.7 Class 2 garment materials and seams shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.2.2.8 Class 2 Garment Visor Requirements.
7.2.2.8.1 Class 2 garment visor materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 pg/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (CD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 ng/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumu¬lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |j,g/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15- minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus¬trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 pg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 ng/cm2.
7.2.2.8.2 Class 2 garment visor materials shall be tested for high mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or factures.
7.2.2.8.3 Class 2 garment visor material seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.2.2.8.4 Class 2 garment visor materials shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.2.2.9 Class 2 Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements.
7.2.2.9.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon¬gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
7.2.2.9.2 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide, CAS 505-60-21, the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 ng/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (CD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 |j,g/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumu¬lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 ng/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus¬trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 |xg/cm2.
7.2.2.9.3 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist¬ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.2.2.9.4 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist¬ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
7.2.2.9.5 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi).
7.2.2.9.6 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface gasket material shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m (14 in.-lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at-25°C (-13°F).
7.2.3 Class 2 Glove Element Requirements.
7.2.3.1 Class 2 gloves shall be tested for liquid tight integrity as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall show no leakage.
7.2.3.2 Class 2 glove materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
7.3 Class 2R Ensembles.
7.3.1 Class 2R Ensemble General Requirements.
7.3.1.1* Class 2R ensembles shall be tested for overall inward leakage as specified in Section 8.2, Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST), and shall have a geometric mean local physiological protective dosage factor (PPDF|) value at each PAD location for the four ensembles tested of no less than 481 and a geometric mean systemic physiological protective dosage factor (PPDFiys) value for each of the four tested ensembles of no less than 328.
7.3.1.2 Class 2R ensembles shall be tested for overall function as specified in Section 8.3, Overall Garment Function and Integrity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all tasks within 20 minutes, and shall allow no liquid penetration in subsequent liquidtight integrity testing as specified in Section 8.4, Liquidtight Integrity Test 1, and the garment closure shall remain engaged during the entire garment func¬tion testing.
7.3.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garments shall accommo¬date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require¬ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American National Standard on Industrial Head Protection.
7.3.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20/35 or better through the combination of the hood visor and the respirator facepiece lens.
7.3.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec¬tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall garment function test.
7.3.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 2R ensembles that are intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull- out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 1000 N (225 lbf).
7.3.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 2R ensembles that are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 135 N (30 lbf).
7.3.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 2R ensembles shall be tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23, Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure force greater than 135 N (30 lbf).
7.3.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 2R ensembles shall be tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage rate exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min).
7.3.2 Class 2R Garment Element Requirements.
7.3.2.1 Class 2R garment materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 pg/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 |j,g/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |xg/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 |xg/cm2.
7.3.2.2 Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not less than 200 N (45 lbf).
7.3.2.2.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not less than 156 N (35 lbf).
7.3.2.3 Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for punc¬ture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a puncture propagation tear resistance of not less than 49 N (11 lbf).
7.3.2.3.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for puncture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Puncture Propagation Tear Resist¬ance Test, and shall have a puncture propagation tear resist¬ance of not less than 31 N (7 lbf).
7.3.2.4 Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m {% in.-lbf) at an angu¬lar deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.3.2.5 Class 2R garment seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
7.3.2.6 Class 2R garment closure assemblies shall be tested for closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
7.3.2.7 Class 2R garment materials and seams shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.3.2.8 Class 2R Garment Visor Requirements.
7.3.2.8.1 Class 2R garment visor materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll
better through the combination of the hood visor and the respirator facepiece lens.
7.4.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec¬tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall garment function test.
7.4.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 3 ensembles that are intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 1000 N (225 Ibf).
7.4.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 3 ensembles that are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 135 N (30 lbf).
7.4.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 3 ensembles shall be tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23, Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure force greater than 135 N (30 lbf).
7.4.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 3 ensembles shall be tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage rating exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min).
7.4.2 Class 3 Garment Element Requirements.
7.4.2.1 Class 3 garment materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide, CAS 505-60-21, the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 pg/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 ng/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu¬lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 [ig/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 |xg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus¬trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 ng/cm2.
7.4.2.2 Class 3 garment materials and seams shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.4.2.3 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not less than 135 N (30 lbf).
7.4.2.4 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for puncture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Punc¬ture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a punc¬ture propagation tear resistance of not less than 25 N (5.6 lbf).
7.4.2.5 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m {% in.-lbf) at an angu¬lar deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.4.2.6 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for evapora¬tive heat transfer as specified in Section 8.8, Total Heat Loss Test, and shall have a total heat loss of not less than 200 W/m2.
7.4.2.7 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for evapora¬tive resistance as specified in Section 8.19, Evaporative Resist¬ance Test, and shall have an evaporative resistance of not greater than 30 Pa-m2/W.
7.4.2.8 Class 3 garment seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.4.2.9 Class 3 garment closure assemblies shall be tested for closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.4.2.10 Class 3 Garment Visor Requirements.
7.4.2.10.1 Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon¬gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested according to Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
7.4.2.10.2 Class 3 visor materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 p,g/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 |j,g/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 |j,g/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of gas and vapor toxic industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu¬lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 ng/cm2.
7.4.2.10.3 Class 3 garment visor materials shall be tested for high-mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or fractures.
7.5.2.10 Class 3R Garment Visor Requirements.
7.5.2.10.1 Class 3R visor materials and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 pg/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 pg/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (CD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 ng/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 (jg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 |j,g/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 ng/cm2.
7.5.2.10.2 Class 3R garment visor materials shall be tested for high-mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or factures.
7.5.2.10.3 Class 3R garment visor material seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/ Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.5.2.10.4 Class 3R garment visor materials shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bateriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.5.2.11 Class 3R Elastomeric Interface Material Require¬ments.
7.5.2.11.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon¬gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
7.5.2.11.2 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 pg/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (CD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 |j,g/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |xg/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 |xg/cm2.
7.5.2.11.3 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist¬ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.5.2.11.4 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist¬ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
7.5.2.11.5 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi).
7.5.2.11.6 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m Q/i in.-lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.5.3 Class 3R Glove Element Requirements.
7.5.3.1 Class 3R gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall show no leakage.
7.5.3.2 Class 3R glove material and seams shall be tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyll sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea¬tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 ng/cm2, and the aver¬age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 1.33 ng/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent soman (CD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor- idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 ng/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 0.43 |j,g/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 |xg/cnr, and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 pg/cm2.
High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or fractures.
7.6.2.8.2 Class 4 garment visor material seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.6.2.9 Class 4 Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements.
7.6.2.9.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon¬gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
7.6.2.9.2 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist¬ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.6.2.9.3 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist¬ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
7.6.2.9.4 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (550 psi).
7.6.2.9.5 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface gasket material shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m (!/> in.-lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at-25°C (-13°F).
7.6.3 Class 4 Glove Element Requirements.
7.6.3.1 Class 4 gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall show no leakage.
7.6.3.2 Class 4 glove materials and seams shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.6.3.3 Class 4 glove materials shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.6.3.4 Class 4 glove materials shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 9 N (2 lbf).
7.6.3.5 Class 4 glove materials shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m (‘/2 in.-lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.6.3.6 Class 4 gloves shall be tested for hand function as specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall have an average percent increase over bare-handed control less than 200 percent.
7.6.4 Class 4 Footwear Element Requirements.
7.6.4.1 Class 4 footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall show no leakage.
7.6.4.2 Class 4 footwear upper material shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.6.4.3 Class 4 footwear upper materials shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have the distance of blade travel be not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.6.4.4 Class 4 footwear upper materials shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 36 N (8 lbf).
7.6.4.5 Class 4 footwear soles and heels shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist¬ance Test, and the volume loss shall be not greater than 250 mm3 (0.015 in.3).
7.6.4.6 Class 4 footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.
7.6.4.7 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot¬wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4 footwear covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.6.4.1, 7.6.4.2, 7.6.4.3, 7.6.4.4, 7.6.4.6, and 7.6.4.8, excluding 7.6.4.5.
7.6.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot¬wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4 footwear covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no wear-through after 3000 cycles.
7.6.4.9 Where footwear is designed and configured according to Section 6.4.10, the following requirements shall be met:
(1) The integrated socks shall meet the requirements speci¬fied in 7.6.4.2.
(2) The outer boot shall meet the requirements specified in 7.6.4.3 and 7.6.4.4.
(3) The integrity cover shall meet the requirements specified in 7.6.4.1, 7.6.4.7, and 7.6.4.8.
7.6.4.10 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971, NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement specified in 7.6.4.3.
7.6.5 Class 4 Hood Element Requirements.
7.6.5.1 Where a Class 4 protective hood is provided as a sepa¬rate element and is not attached to the garment, the Class 4 protective hood shall meet all of the applicable requirements specified in 7.6.1, with the exception of 7.6.2.5 and 7.6.2.6 when the hood is part of a CBRN PAPR.
7.6.5.2* Where the Class 4 hood includes an elastomeric inter¬face material, the elastomeric interface material shall have an
7.7.2.10.2 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist¬ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.7.2.10.3 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist¬ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
7.7.2.10.4 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.29, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi).
7.7.2.10.5 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m Q/i in.-lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.7.3 Class 4R Glove Element Requirements.
7.7.3.1 Class 4R gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as specified in Section 8.22, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall show no leakage.
7.7.3.2 Class 4R glove materials and seams shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.21, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.7.3.3 Class 4R glove materials shall be tested for cut resist¬ance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.7.3.4 Class 4R glove materials shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 15 N (3.8 lbf).
7.7.3.5 Class 4R glove materials shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N-m (14 in.-lbf) at an angu¬lar deflection of 60 degrees at -25°C (-13°F).
7.7.3.6 Class 4R gloves shall be tested for hand function as specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall have an average percent increase over barehanded control less than 200 percent.
7.7.4
7.7.4.1 Class 4R footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integ¬rity as specified in Section 8.22, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall show no leakage.
7.7.4.2 Class 4R footwear upper material shall be tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in Section 8.21 Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 1 hour.
7.7.4.3 Class 4R footwear upper materials shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.7.4.4 Class 4R footwear upper materials shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 36 N (8 lbf).
7.7.4.5 Class 4R footwear soles and heels shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist¬ance Test 1, and the volume loss shall be not greater than 250 mm3.
7.7.4.6 Class 4R footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.
7.7.4.7 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot¬wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4R foot¬wear covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.7.4.1, 7.7.4.2, 7.7.4.3, 7.7.4.4, 7.7.4.6, and 7.7.4.8, excluding 7.7.4.5.
7.7.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot¬wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4R foot¬wear covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no wear-through after 3000 cycles.
7.7.4.9 Where footwear is designed and configured according to 6.4.10, the following requirements shall be met:
(1) The socks shall meet the requirements specified in 7.7.4.2.
(2) The outer boot shall meet the requirements specified in 7.7.4.3 and 7.7.4.4.
(3) The integrity cover shall meet the requirements specified in 7.7.4.1, 7.7.4.7, and 7.7.4.8.
7.7.4.10 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971, NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement specified in 7.7.4.3.
7.7.5 Class 4R Hood Element Requirements.
7.7.5.1 Where a Class 4R protective hood is provided as a sepa¬rate element and is not attached to the garment, the Class 4R protective hood shall meet all of the applicable requirements specified in 7.7.1, with the exception of 7.7.2.5 and 7.7.2.6 when the hood is part of a CBRN PAPR.
7.7.5.2* Where the Class 4R hood includes an elastomeric interface material, the elastomeric gasket material shall have an elongation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
7.7.5.3 Where the Class 4R hood includes an elastomeric interface material, the elastomeric gasket material shall be tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist¬ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
7.7.5.4 Where the Class 4R hood includes an elastomeric interface material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15,
8.7.7.4.3.1 For Class 1 ensemble materials, 16 droplets shall be applied evenly spaced around the perimeter and the remaining droplets placed in the center. If more than 1 droplet is required in the center, the droplets shall be spaced 8.1 mm (V3 in.) apart. For seams, the droplets in the center shall be spaced along the seam juncture.
8.7.7.4.3.2 For Class 2 and Class 3 ensemble materials, 8 drop¬lets shall be applied evenly spaced around the perimeter and the remaining droplets placed in the center. If more than 1 droplet is required in the center, the droplets shall be spaced 8.1 mm (V3 in.) apart. For seams, the droplets in the center shall be spaced along the seam juncture.
8.7.7.4.4 A mechanical or automated device shall be permit¬ted for uniformly dispensing the droplets onto the surface of the specimen.
8.7.7.4.5 When testing any liquid chemical, a quality control trial shall be conducted to verify that the application process delivers either 10 g/m2 (1.0/-0.0 g/m2) or 20 g/m2 (1.0/-0.0 g/m2) using the procedures in 8.7.6.2 as specific to the class of ensemble materials being evaluated.
8.7.7.5 Procedure for Liquid Chemical Challenge.
8.7.7.5.1 The test cell shall be mounted horizontally and connected to the air delivery system in the environmental chamber at 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent. All connections shall be secured.
8.7.7.5.2 The calibrated analytical detection system shall be assembled and initiated according to its instructions.
8.7.7.5.2.1 If bubblers are used, each bubbler shall be filled with the proper collection solvent using a calibrated pipette or equivalent device; the collection solvent shall incorporate an internal standard so adjustments can be made for solvent evap¬oration/water condensation during sampling.
8.7.7.5.2.2 If solid sorbent tubes are to be used, each sorbent tube shall be cleaned by heating and purging; the absence of any residual chemical shall be verified by the appropriate analy¬sis technique.
8.7.7.5.2.3 Sampler tubes shall be attached to the test cell immediately prior to the application of challenge chemical to avoid potentially adverse effects caused by the presence of moisture in the collection media stream.
8.7.7.5.2.4 At the conclusion of the specified sampling inter¬val, sampling tubes shall be replaced in a manner that ensures permeant is not lost.
8.7.7.5.2.5 Permeant shall be desorbed from sampler tubes immediately following removal from the test chamber.
8.7.7.5.2.6 Analysis of permeant extracts shall be performed within 24 hours of extraction.
8.7.7.5.3 The air delivery shall be flowing filtered air at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent, to the collection side of the test cell at least 15 minutes prior to the application of the chal¬lenge chemical.
8.7.7.5.4 With the cell top cap removed, 1 pL droplets shall be placed through the agent challenge port of the test cell on the specimen’s outer surface within 20 seconds, according to the procedure determined in 8.7.7.4.
8.7.7.5.5 After placing the liquid challenge chemical on the specimen in the test cell, the cell top cap shall be sealed within 5 seconds.
8.7.7.5.5.1 For testing of Class 1, Class 2, and Class 2R ensem¬ble materials, the filtered air at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent shall be flowed only to the collection side of the test cell at a rate of 1.0 L/min ± 0.1 L/min. No air shall be flowed across the challenge side of the test cell.
8.7.7.5.5.2 For testing of Class 3 and Class 3R ensemble mate¬rials, the filtered air at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent shall be flowed to the challenge side of the test cell at a rate of 0.3 L/min ± 0.03 L/min and to the collection sides of the test cell at a rate of 1.0 L/min ± 0.1 L/min.
8.7.7.5.6 The challenge chemical in the effluent air stream shall be collected, measured, and analyzed using either discrete or cumulative methods for the first 15-minute +1.0/-0 minutes interval and overall for 60 minutes +1.0 /-0 minutes.
8.7.7.5.7 The collection media for the challenge chemical shall be analyzed using an appropriate analytical procedure.
8.7.7.5.8 At least one test shall be conducted with a specimen, but without the challenge chemical, as a negative control.
8.7.7.5.9 The results from tests accompanied by unsuccessful negative controls shall not be used and the test shall be repea¬ted.
8.7.7.6 Procedure for Gas or Vapor Challenge Chemicals.
8.7.7.6.1 The test cell shall be mounted horizontally and connected to the air delivery system in the environmental chamber at 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent. All connections shall be secured.
8.7.7.6.2 The air delivery shall be connected and flowing 1 L/min of filtered air at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent to the collection side of the test cell at least 15 minutes prior to the initiation of any gas or vapor challenge chemical.
8.7.7.6.3 The calibrated analytical detection system shall be assembled and initiated according to its instructions.
8.7.7.6.3.1 If bubblers are used, each bubbler shall be filled with the proper collection solvent using a calibrated pipette or equivalent device; the collection solvent shall incorporate an internal standard so adjustments can be made for solvent evap¬oration/water condensation during sampling.
8.7.7.6.3.2 If solid sorbent tubes are to be used, each sorbent tube shall be cleaned by heating and purging; the absence of any residual chemical shall be verified by the appropriate analy¬sis technique.
8.7.7.6.3.3 Sampler tubes shall be attached to the test cell immediately prior to the application of challenge chemical to avoid potentially adverse effects caused by the presence of moisture in the collection media stream.
8.7.7.6.3.4 At the conclusion of the specified sampling inter¬val, sampling tubes shall be replaced in a manner that ensures permeant is not lost.
8.7.7.6.3.5 Permeant shall be desorbed from sampler tubes immediately following removal from the test chamber.
and listed, NFPA recommends that prospective purchasers require appropriate evidence of certification for the specific product and model from the manufacturer before purchasing. Prospective purchasers also should contact the certification organizations and request copies of the certification organiza¬tion’s “list” of certified products to the appropriate NFPA stand¬ard. This “listing” is a requirement of third-party certification by this standard and is a service performed by the certification organization.
All NFPA standards on fire and emergency services protec¬tive clothing and equipment require that the item be certified by an independent third-party certification organization and, as with NFPA 1994 protective ensembles or protective ensemble elements, all items of fire and emergency services protective clothing and equipment must carry the label, symbol, or other identifying mark of that certification organization.
Any item of protective clothing or protective equipment, covered by an NFPA standard, that does not bear the mark of an independent third-party certification organization is not compliant with the appropriate NFPA standard, even if the product label states that the item is compliant.
A.4.2.1 The certification organization should have a sufficient breadth of interest and activity so that the loss or award of a specific business contract would not be a determining factor in the financial well-being of the agency
A.4.2.5 The contractual provisions covering a certification program should contain clauses advising the manufacturer that if requirements change, the product should be brought into compliance with the new requirements by a stated effective date through a compliance review program involving all currently listed products.
Without the clauses, certifiers would not be able to move quickly to protect their name, marks, or reputation. A product safety certification program would be deficient without these contractual provisions and the administrative means to back them up.
A.4.2.6 Investigative procedures are important elements of an effective and meaningful product safety certification program. A preliminary review should be carried out on products submit¬ted to the agency before any major testing is undertaken.
A.4.2.7.1 For further information and guidance on recall programs, see 21 CFR 7, Subpart C.
A.4.2.9 Such inspections should include, in most instances, witnessing of production tests. With certain products the certifi¬cation organization inspectors should select samples from the production line and submit them to the main laboratory for countercheck testing. With other products, it can be desirable to purchase samples in the open market for test purposes.
A.4.3.19 Manufacturers are not limited in their approaches for designing protective ensembles compliant with this stand¬ard. If the ensemble design uses combinations of materials or components to meet one part of the standard, then the same combinations must be assessed for all parts of the standard. For example, if a two-part visor is used such that the visor materials meet the chemical resistance requirement, the outer visor cannot be removed to meet the visor clarity requirement. The same configuration must be used for all performance require¬ments.
A.4.5.3 In September of 2015, a revised edition of ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, was issued. Both the 2008 and 2015 editions of the standard are being referenced in this revision of NFPA 1994 to allow manufacturers time to tran¬sition their quality management systems registration to this new edition.
A.4.5.4 For example, this situation exists when a product is wholly manufactured and assembled by another entity, or enti¬ties, for a separate entity that puts its own name and label on the product (frequendy called “private labeling”) and markets and sells the product as its own product.
A.4.5.5 Subcontractors include, but are not limited to, a person or persons, company, firm, corporation, partnership, or other organization having an agreement with or under contract with the compliant product manufacturer to supply or assemble the compliant product or portions of the compliant product.
A.4.6.1 ISO Guide 27, Guidelines for corrective action to be taken by a certification body in the event of misuse of its mark of conformity, is a component of accreditation of certification organizations speci¬fied in 4.1.3 and 4.2.3 of this standard. Those paragraphs contain a mandatory reference to ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services, in which ISO Guide 27 is referenced.
A.4.6.2 By definition, a hazard might involve a condition that can be imminently dangerous to the end user. With this thought in mind, the investigation should be started immedi¬ately and completed in as timely a manner as is appropriate considering the particulars of the hazard being investigated.
A.4.6.11 The determination of the appropriate corrective action for the certification organization to initiate should take into consideration the severity of the product hazard and its potential consequences to the safety and health of end users. The scope of testing and evaluation should consider, among other things, testing to the requirements of the standard to which the product was listed as compliant, the age of the prod¬uct, the type of use and conditions to which the compliant product has been exposed, care and maintenance that has been provided, the use of expertise on technical matters outside the certification organization’s area of competence, and product hazards caused by circumstances not anticipated by the requirements of the applicable standard. As a guideline for determining which is more appropriate, a safety alert or a product recall, the following product hazard characteristics are provided, which are based on 42 CFR 84, Subpart E, §84.41:
(1) Critical: A product hazard that judgment and experience indicate is likely to result in a condition immediately hazardous to life or health (IHLH) for individuals using or depending on the compliant product. If an IHLH condition occurs, the user will sustain, or will be likely to sustain, an injury of a severity that could result in loss of life, or result in significant bodily injury or loss of bodily function, either immediately or at some point in the future.
(2) Major A: A product hazard, other than Critical, that is likely to result in failure to the degree that the compliant product does not provide any protection or reduces protection, and is not detectable to the user. The phrase reduces protection means the failure of specific protective design (s) or feature(s) that results in degradation of protection in advance of reasonable life expectancy to the