NFPA 1961 Standard on Fire Hose

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NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.

A reference in brackets f 1 following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision of internal paragraph refer­ences and other references as appropriate. Requests for inter­pretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for the source document.

Information on referenced and extracted publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex B.

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1* Scope. This standard shall define the design and construction requirements for new fire hose, the testing required to verify the design and construction, and the inspec­tion and testing required of all new fire hose.

1.2* Purpose. The purpose of this standard shall be to estab­lish the minimum requirements for new fire hose.

• This standard shall apply to new attack hose, occupant use hose, forestry hose, supply hose, and suction hose.
• This standard shall not be applied retroac­tively.
• Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durabil­ity, and safety over those prescribed by this standard. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having juris­diction to demonstrate equivalency. The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the au t hority h avin g jur i sdic tio n.

1.6* Units. In this standard, inch-pound units for measure­ment are followed by an equivalent in metric units, but only the first stated value shall be regarded as the requirement.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

• The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.
• NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Battery march Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 1962, Standard for the Care, Use, Inspection, Service Test­ing, and Replacement of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and Fire Hose Appliances, 2018 edition.

• Other Publications.
• ASQ Publications. American Society for Quality, 600 North Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53203.

ASQ Z 1.4, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attrib­utes, 2003, reapproved 2013.

• ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Ban- Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM D380, Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose, 1994, reap­proved 2012.

ASTM D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers— Tension, 2006a, reapproved 2016.

ASTM D573, Standard Test Method for Rubber — Deterioration in an Air Oven, 2004, reapproved 2015.

ASTM D1149, Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration — Cracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment, 2007, reapproved 2012.

• FM Publications. FM Global, 270 Central Avenue, P.O. Box 7500, Johnston, RI 02919-4923.

FM Approval 2111, Factory Mutual Approval Standard for Fire Hose, 2014.

• UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.

ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, 14th edition, 2018.

ANSI/UL 92, Fire Extinguisher and Booster Hose, 10th edition, July 2, 2008.

ANSI/UL 219, Lined Fire Hose for Interior Standpipes, 2013.

• USDA Publications. USDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center, 444 East Bonita Avenue, San Dimas, CA 91773-3198.

USDA Specification 5100-186d, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Cotton-Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket, 1 inch and V/2 inch, May 2006.

1961-5

REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

USDA Specification 5100-187c, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Lightweight Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket, March 2006.

2.3.6 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam- Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sec dons.

NFPA 1962, Standard for the Care, Use, Inspection, Service Test­ing, and Replacement of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and Fire Hose Appliances, 2018 edition.

Chapter 3 Definitions

• The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.
• NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic­tion.

3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

3.2.3 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organ­ization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peri­odic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materi­als, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

3.2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalua­tion of services, and whose listing states that either the equip­ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

• Indicates a mandatory requirement.
• Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
• An NFPA Standard, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase “standards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards, including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides.

3.3 General Definitions.

• A protective material impregnated, saturated, or coated on the outside reinforcement layer of the hose to provide additional reinforcement or protection for the hose.
• An additional layer on the outside of a hose consisting of a continuous synthetic rubber or plastic that is usually thicker than a coating.
• The percent a section of hose increases in length from an initial measurement with the hose pressurized at 10 psi (6.9 kPa) to a final measurement with the hose pres­surized at its proof test pressure.
•  

3.3.4.1* Attack Hose. Hose designed to be used by trained fire fighters and fire brigade members to combat fires beyond the incipient stage.

• Booster Hose. A noncollapsible hose used under positive pressure having an elastomeric or thermoplastic tube, a braided or spiraled reinforcement, and an outer protective cover. [1962, 20181
• Fire Hose. A flexible conduit used to convey water.
• Forestry Fire Hose. A hose designed to meet special­ized requirements for fighting wildland fires.
• Large-Diameter Hose. A hose of 3’/j (90 mm) or larger size.
• Occupant Use Hose. Fire hose designed to be used by the building’s occupants to fight incipient fires prior to the arrival of trained fire fighters or fire brigade members.
• Suction Hose. A hose that is designed to prevent collapse under vacuum conditions so that it can be used for drafting water from below the pump (lakes, rivers, wells, etc.).

3.3.4.8* Supply Hose. Hose designed for the purpose of moving water between a pressurized water source and a pump that is supplying attack lines.

• Hose Assembly. Hose with couplings attached to both ends.
• Hose Size. An expression of the internal diameter of the hose.
• See 3.3.9, Reinforcement.
•  
• Burst Test Pressure. A pressure equal to at least three times the service test pressure.
• Design Service Test Pressure. The hydrostatic service test pressure as designated by the fire hose manufacturer.
• Kink Test Pressure. A pressure equal to at least 1.5 times the service test pressure.
• Operating Pressure. The highest pressure the hose should be used to in regular operation.
• Proof Test Pressure. A pressure equal to at least two times the service test pressure.

3.3.8.6 Service Test Pressure. The hydrostatic test pressure marked on the hose that determines the pressure that the hose is service tested to as required by NFPA 1962.

3.3.9* Reinforcement. The structural support for fire hose that is often in the form of woven yarn.

• The maximum distance measured from the surface of a test table to the underside of the hose that a length of hose lifts off that table when it is pressurized at its proof test pressure.
• Warp Thread. The threads or yarns of a hose rein­forcement that run lengthwise to the hose.
• Weft Thread. The threads or yarns of a hose rein­forcement that are helically wound throughout the length of the hose at approximately right angles to the warp threads.
• The number of revolutions the free end of a 50 ft (15 m) length of hose rotates when it is pressurized from an initial pressure at 10 psi (6.9 kPa) to its proof test pressure with one end held stationary and the other end allowed to move freely.
• The maximum distance any portion of a hose deviates from a straight line running from the center of the fitting at one end to a point on the center of the hose 50 ft (15 m) from that fitting, with the hose pressurized at its proof test pressure.

Chapter 4 Design Requirements 4.1 Requirements for Attack Hose.

4.1.1* Attack hose shall have a minimum design service test pressure of 300 psi (20.7 bar).

• Attack hose shall withstand a test pressure of two times its design service test pressure without movement of couplings, leakage, or breaking of any thread in the reinforcement when subjected to the proof test specified in Section 6.2.
• A test sample of the attack hose shall withstand a test pressure of three times the designed service test pressure with­out failure when subjected to the burst test specified in Section 6.5.
• A full length of hose shall withstand a test pressure of 1.5 times the designed service test pressure without breaking any thread in the reinforcement when subjected to the kink test specified in Section 6.4.
• The maximum elongation shall not exceed 8 percent for hose sizes through 214 in. (65 mm), 10 percent for 3 in. (76 mm) hose size, and 13 percent for 3’/₂ (90 mm) or larger hose size when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• The maximum twist in turns per 50 ft (15 m) shall not exceed 4’/, turns for hose sizes through 2 in. (51 mm), and 1% turns for hose sizes of 2’/₂ (65 mm) or larger when tested as specified in Section 6.3, and the final twist shall be in a direc­tion that tightens the couplings.
• The maximum warp shall not exceed 20 in. (508 mm) when tested as specified in Section 6.3.

4.1.8 There shall be no rise permitted when tested as specified in Section 6.3.

• Requirements for Supply Hose.
• The minimum trade size for supply hose shall be 314 in. (90 mm).

4.2.2* Supply hose shall have a minimum design service test pressure of 200 psi (13.8 bar).

• Supply hose shall withstand a test pressure of two times its design service test pressure without movement of couplings, leakage, or breaking of any thread in the reinforcement when subjected to the proof test specified in Section 6.2.
• A test sample of the supply hose shall withstand a test pressure of three times the designed service test pressure with­out failure when subjected to the burst test specified in Section 6.5.
• A full length of supply hose shall withstand a test pres­sure of l’/₂ times the designed service test pressure without breaking any thread in the reinforcement when subjected to the kink test specified in Section 6.4.
• The maximum elongation shall not exceed 10 percent when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• The maximum twist in turns per 50 ft (15 m) shall not exceed 1% turns when tested as specified in Section 6.3, and the final twist shall be in a direction that tightens the couplings.
• The maximum warp shall not exceed 20 in. (508 mm) when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• There shall be no rise permitted when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• Requirements for Occupant Use Hose.

4.3.1* Occupant use hose shall have a minimum design serv­ice test pressure of 150 psi (10.3 bar).

• Occupant use hose shall withstand a test pressure of two times its design service test pressure without movement of couplings, leakage, or breaking of any thread in the reinforce­ment when subjected to the proof test specified in Section 6.2.
• A test sample of the occupant use hose shall withstand a test pressure of three times the designed service test pressure without failure when subjected to the burst test specified in Section 6.5.
• A full length of occupant use hose shall withstand a test pressure of 1 % times the designed service test pressure without breaking any thread in the reinforcement when subjected to the kink test specified in Section 6.4.
• The maximum elongation shall not exceed 10 percent when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• The maximum twist in turns per 50 ft (15 m) shall not exceed 7’/₂ turns when tested as specified in Section 6.3, and the final twist shall be in a direction that tightens the couplings.
• The maximum warp shall not exceed 20 in. (508 mm) when tested as specified in Section 6.3.

4.3.8 There shall he no rise greater than 7 in. (178 mm) permitted when tested as specified in Section 6.3.

• Requirements for Forestry Hose.

4.4.1* The maximum weight of a lined, cotton-synthetic woven reinforcement forestry fire hose assembly shall be the following:

• 5 lb (9.3 kg) for 100 ft (30 m) of 1 in. (25 mm) hose
• 27 lb (12.3 kg) for 100 ft (30 m) of 1% in. (38 mm) hose
• 9 lb (4.9 kg) for 50 ft (15 m) of 1 in. (25 mm) hose
• 8 lb (6.7 kg) for 50 ft (15 m) of l’/₂ in. (38 mm) hose

4.4.2* The maximum weight of a lined, synthetic woven rein­forcement forestry fire hose assembly shall be the following:

• 10 lb (4.5 kg) for 100 ft (30 m) of 1 in. (25 mm) hose
• 16 lb (7.3 kg) for 100 ft (30 m) of 1 ‘/₂ (38 mm) hose
• 5 lb (2.3 kg) for 50 ft (15 m) of 1 in. (25 mm) hose
• 8 lb (3.6 kg) for 50 ft (15 m) of 1 ‘/₂ (38 mm) hose

4.4.3* Forestry hose shall have a minimum design service test pressure of 300 psi (20.7 bar).

• Forestry hose shall withstand a test pressure of two times its design service test pressure without movement of couplings, leakage, or breaking of any thread in the reinforcement when subjected to the proof test specified in Section 6.2.
• A test sample of the forestry hose shall withstand a test pressure of three times the designed service test pressure with­out failure when subjected to the burst test specified in Section 6.5.
• A full length of forestry hose shall withstand a test pres­sure of 114 times the designed service test pressure without breaking any thread in the reinforcement when subjected to the kink test specified in Section 6.4.
• The maximum elongation shall not exceed 10 percent when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• The maximum twist in turns per 50 ft (15 m) shall not exceed 12 turns for 1 in. (25 mm) hose and 8 turns for 1’/•> in. (38 mm) hose when tested as specified in Section 6.3, and the final twist shall be in a direction that tightens the couplings.
• The maximum warp shall not exceed 25 in. (635 mm) when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• There shall be no rise greater than 8 in. (203 mm) permitted when tested as specified in Section 6.3.
• Flexibility and Compressibility.
  • For cotton-synthetic woven reinforcement fire hose, the load required to compress the hose shall not exceed 100 lb (45.4 kg) for 1 in. (25 mm) hose and 125 lb (56.75 kg) for l’/₂ (38 mm) hose when two samples are tested for flexibility and compressibility in accordance with Section 6.13.
  • For synthetic woven reinforcement fire hose, the load required to compress the hose shall not exceed 40 lb (18.1 kg) for 1 in. (25 mm) hose and 55 lb (24.9 kg) for l’/₂ (38 mm) hose when two samples are tested for flexibility and compressi­bility in accordance with Section 6.13.
    • Requirements for Suction Hose. The requirements of Chapters 5, 6, and 7 shall not apply to suction hose except as specified herein.
      • The internal diameter of the suction hose shall comply with Section 5.1.
      • The internal surface of the suction hose shall be smooth and free of corrugations.
      • If a lining is provided, it shall meet the requirements of 5.4.5.1.
      • If a cover is provided, it shall meet the requirements given in 5.4.6.
      • The suction hose shall be constructed to withstand an internal vacuum of at least 23 in. Hg (0.78 bar) without failure, including the collapse of the liner or the cuffed (soft) ends, when applicable in the coupling bowl area.
      • The hose shall be designed for use in ambient condi­tions ranging from -30°F to 140°F (-34°C to 60°C).
      • The tensile strength of any elastomeric material shall not decrease by more than 20 percent of the original value, and the elongation shall not decrease by more than 50 percent of the original value when tested in accordance with Section 6.8.

4.5.7.1 The tensile strength and ultimate elongation shall meet the requirements of 5.4.7.1 and 5.4.7.2.

• The material used for the tube and the cover, if provi­ded, shall pass the Low-Temperature Test on Tube and Cover of ASTM D380, Standard lest Methods for Rubber Hose, when subjected to the cold chamber for 5 hours at -30°F (-34°C).
• All elastomeric material shall show no visible signs of cracking when subjected to the ozone test specified in Section 6.9.
• If the suction hose is designed for use under vacuum only, the hose assembly shall be indelibly marked in letters no less than ^s/_]6 (4.8 mm) high with the words “for vacuum use only.”
• After the hose has been coupled, it shall be subjected to a vacuum of 23 in. Hg (0.78 bar).
  • Once the vacuum has been established, the hose shall maintain that vacuum for 10 minutes with no loss of vacuum.
  • The vacuum pump shall not be used to maintain the vacuum during the 10-minute period.
  • After the test has been completed, the hose and any component shall be visually inspected for any sign of collapse or failure.
• Suction hose shall comply with the requirements of Sections 7.1 and 7.2.

4.6 Booster Hose.

4.6.1 Booster hose shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/UL 92, Fire Extinguisher and Booster Hose, or meet the requirements provided in this standard for attack hose.

• Booster hose shall not be required to pass the abrasion test for attack hose provided in 5.5.1.1.
• This requirement shall not apply to booster hose at service pressure above 500 psi (34.5 bar).

Chapter 5 Construction Requirements

5.1* Diameter. The hose shall have an internal diameter of not less than the trade size of the hose.

• The length of the hose shall be between -2 percent and +4 percent of the nominal stated length of the hose.

5.2.1.1 The length of hose from which the burst sample has been taken shall be permitted to be 3 ft (0.9 m) shorter than the required length as stated in 5.2.1.

• Each length shall be measured as specified in 6.2.6.

5.3.1* Hose reinforcement shall be made from one of the following materials, and the material shall be approved:

• Natural fiber
• Synthetic fiber
• Combination of natural and synthetic fiber

• Reinforcements shall be evenly and firmly woven and shall be as free from defects, dirt, knots, lumps, and irregulari­ties that might affect the serviceability of the hose as is consis­tent with good manufacturing practice.
• If the hose has a woven reinforcement, all knots shall be tucked under the warp threads.

5.3.4* If the hose has a fabric reinforcement, each layer of reinforcement shall be seamless and shall have the filling woven around the hose throughout its length and the warps interwoven with and substantially covering the filling.

• The hose shall be designed and manufactured such that, in the event of a burst, the weft threads shall fail first.
• When mildew treatment for the reinforcement is provi­ded, the hose manufacturer shall certify that the mildew treat­ment meets the requirements of USDA Specification 5100-186d, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Cotton-Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket, 1 inch and l’/₂ inch, and USDA Specification 5100-187c, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Lightweight Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket.
• Linings and Covers.

5.4.1* All fire hose shall be lined.

• Liners and covers, if provided, shall be made from one of the following materials, and the material shall be approved:
  • Rubber compound
  • Thermoplastic material
  • Blends of rubber compounds and thermoplastic material
  • Natural rubber-latex-coated fabric
• The lining shall be of uniform thickness.
• The waterway surface of the lining shall be free from pitting, irregularities, or other imperfections that might affect the serviceability of the hose.
• Lining Adhesion.

5.4.5.1 The adhesion between the lining and the reinforce­ment shall be such that the rate of separation of a V/₂ in. (38 mm) strip of the lining from the reinforcement shall not be greater than 1 in. (25 mm) per minute with a weight of 12 lb (5.4 kg) when tested in accordance with 6.6.1 through 6.6.6.

• If a rubber backing is used between the lining and the reinforcement, the adhesion between the lining and the back­ing and between the backing and the reinforcement shall be such that the rate of separation of a 114 in. (38 mm) strip shall not be greater than 1 in. (25 mm) per minute with a weight of 12 lb (5.4 kg), as specified in 6.6.7 and 6.6.8.
• The requirement of 5.4.5.1 shall not exclude a construction that provides no adhesion between the reinforce­ment and lining along the fold if the surface where there is no adhesion is not greater than 35 percent of the total surface.
• If the hose has a woven reinforcement and is equipped with a cover, the adhesion between the cover and the woven reinforcement shall be such that the rate of separation of a 114 in. (38 mm) strip of the cover from the reinforcement shall not be greater than 1 in. (25 mm) per minute with a weight of 10 lb (4.5 kg) as specified in 6.6.1 through 6.6.6.
• Tensile Strength and Ultimate Elongation.
• The tensile strength and ultimate elongation of speci­mens taken from the elastomer material shall not be less than as stated in Table 5.4.7.1 when tested as specified in Section 6.7.
• If the hose is equipped with oil-resistant liners or covers, the ultimate elongation shall not be less than 250 percent provided that the tensile strength and ultimate elongation do not decrease more than 50 percent when tested in accordance with Section 6.12.
• The tensile strength of liners for forestry hose shall not be less than 1800 psi (12,410 kPa).
• The tensile strength and ultimate elongation of speci­mens subjected to the oven aging test, as specified in Section 6.8, shall not be less than 75 percent of the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of specimens not subjected to this test.
• Ozone Resistance.
• For hose intended to be ozone-resistant, the elastomer components shall show no visible signs of cracking when subjected to the ozone test specified in Section 6.9.

1961-9

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

• Hose that meets the requirements of 5.4.8.1 shall be marked “ozone resistant” in letters and figures at least 1 in. (25 mm) high.

Table 5.4.7.1 Tensile Strength and Ultimate Elongation for Elastomer Materials in Fire Hose

5.4.9 Cold Resistance.

• All hose except suction hose shall show no apparent damage to the reinforcement or lining when subjected to the cold bending test specified in Section 6.10.
• The hose shall not leak or show breakage of any thread in the reinforcement or slippage of couplings when subjected to the proof test pressure as specified in 6.10.5.
• Special Cold-Resistant Hose.
• If the hose is designed for use down to -65°F (-54°C), it shall show no apparent damage to the reinforce­ment or lining when subjected to the cold bending test speci­fied in Section 6.10.
• The hose shall not leak or show breakage of any thread in the reinforcement or slippage of couplings when subjected to the proof test pressure as specified in 6.10.5.
• It shall be possible for one person to uncoil and lay out a 50 ft (15 m) length of hose immediately after it has been subjected to the cold flexibility test as specified in Section 6.11.
• Hose that meets the requirements of 5.4.9.3.1, 5.4.9.3.2, and 5.4.9.3.3 shall be marked “for use down to -65°F (-54°C)” in letters and figures at least 1 in. (25 mm) high.

5.5 Hose Characteristics.

• Attack Hose.
• The material selected in 5.3.1 and 5.4.2 for the construction of attack hose shall be capable of being manufac­tured into a hose that has all of the following qualities:
  • Abrasion resistance and ability to pass the Abrasion Test in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, the multiplejacketed hose requirements of Section 15.1, and the Abrasion Test defined in FM Approval 2111, Factory Mutual Approval Stan dard foi Fire Hose
  • Heat resistance and ability to pass the Heat-Resistance Test in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, and the Heat Resistance Test in FM Approval 2111, Factory Mutual Approval Standard foiFire Hose
  • Ability for l’/₂ to 3 in. (38 mm to 76 mm) attack hose to pass the Friction Loss Test in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies
  • Resistance to degradation from moisture when soaked in water for 48 hours
  • Ability to withstand 100,000 cycles of repeated bending [hose size of 314 in. (90 mm) or less nominal sizel
  • Ability to withstand 2000 cycles of alternating pressures between 0 psi (0 bar) and the service test pressure of the fire hose
• Attack hose sizes l’/₂ to 3 in. (38 mm to 76 mm) shall be tested in accordance with the following in ANSI/

UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Line Assemblies.

• * The Radiant Heat Test
• * The Conductive Heat Test

• Supply Hose. The material selected in 5.3.1 and 5.4.2 for the construction of supply hose shall be capable of being manufactured into a hose that has all of the following qualities:

(1) Abrasion resistance and ability to pass the Abrasion Test in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, and

the Abrasion Test defined in FM Approval 2111, Factory Mutual Approval Standard for Fire Hose

• Heat resistance and ability to pass the Heat-Resistance Test in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, and the Heat Resistance Test in FM Approval 2111, Factory Mutual Approval Standard for Fire Hose
• Resistance to degradation from moisture when soaked in water for 48 hours
• Ability to withstand 2000 cycles of alternating pressures between 0 psi (0 bar) and the service test pressure of the fire hose

5.5.3 Occupant Use Hose and Forestry Hose. The material selected in 5.3.1 and 5.4.2 for the construction of occupant use hose or forestry fire hose shall be capable of being manufac­tured into a hose that has all of the following qualities:

• Abrasion resistance and ability to pass the Abrasion Test in ANSI/UL 219, Lined Fire Hose for Interim• Standpipes
• Heat resistance and ability to pass the Heat Resistance Test defined in ANSI/UL 219, Lined Fire Hose for Interim- Standpipes
• Resistance to degradation from moisture when soaked in water for 48 hours
• Ability to withstand 10,000 cycles of repeated bending

5.6 Marking.

• Each length of fire hose shall be indelibly marked in letters and figures at least 1 in. (25 mm) high with the manu­facturer’s identification, the country of origin, the month and the year of manufacture, and the words “service test to [the service test pressure! psi (bar) per NFPA 1962.”

5.6.1.1* The service test pressure marked on the hose shall be permitted to be less than the design service test pressure but not less than the minimum designed service test pressure defined in Chapter 4.

• These markings shall be in a minimum of two places on each length of hose greater than 25 ft (7.6 m) in length, begin­ning 5 ft ± 6 in. (1.5 m ± 152 mm) from the ends of the hose unless the hose is marked at continuous intervals not exceed­ing 12 ft (3.7 m).

5.6.2.1 Hose 25 ft (7.6 m) or less shall be marked in one place centered on the hose.

• Single jacket hose with a sen ice test pressure of 300 psi (20.7 bar) and above shall be marked with the words “Single Jacket.”
• Additional Marking on Large-Diameter Hose.
• Each length of large-diameter supply hose meeting the requirements of Section 4.2 shall be indelibly marked length­wise in letters at least 2 in. (51 mm) high with the words “supply hose.”
• Each length of large-diameter attack hose meeting the requirements of Section1 shall be indelibly marked length­wise in letters at least 2 in. (51 mm) high with the words “attack hose.”
• The marking shall be centered in the first 5 ft ± 6 in. (1.5 m ± 150 mm) from each end of the hose.
• No markings referring to pressure, other than the serv­ice test pressure specified in 5.6.1, shall appear on the hose.

Chapter 6 Test Methods for Manufacturers’ Hose Certification

•  
• The test procedures defined in this chapter shall be performed only under controlled laboratory conditions by the hose manufacturer, its designated agent, or by an approved testing facility designated by the manufacturer.
• The tests shall not be performed by users in uncon­trolled, non-laboratory situations.
• Proof Test.
• The test shall be conducted on a test table that shall have a clear space of at least 20 in. (508 mm) on each side of a line drawn through the center of the supply connection paral­lel to the edges of the test table.
• To facilitate the complete removal of air from the hose, the surface of the test table shall be inclined with the supply at the low end.
• The hose shall be filled with water until all air has been exhausted.
• The valve shall be closed and the pressure adjusted to 10 psi (70 kPa).
• While at 10 psi (70 kPa), the hose shall be straightened out.
• The length of the hose shall be measured between the inside edges of the couplings and recorded to the nearest 1 in. (25mm).
• The hose shall be marked behind the coupling.
• The pressure in the hose shall be increased at a rate of not less than 300 psi (20.7 bar) or more than 1000 psi (69 bar) per minute until the required test pressure is reached.
• Proof test pressure shall be held for at least 15 seconds and not more than 1 minute.
• The hose shall be examined for movement of the couplings after the test.
• Elongation, Twist, Warp, and Rise Tests.

6.3.1* The elongation test, twist test, warp test, and rise test shall be permitted to be run at the same time the proof test is being run.

• If the tests are to be run at a different time than while the proof test is being run, the hose shall be set up for testing as required by 6.2.1 through 6.2.5.
• Elongation Test.
• The length of the hose shall be measured between the inside edges of the couplings and recorded to the nearest 1 in. (25 mm).
• The pressure in the hose shall be raised as described in 6.2.8 from the initial pressure of 10 psi (70 kPa) to the proof test pressure.

6.3.3.3* The measurement shall be taken parallel to the edge of the test table.

• All measurements shall be taken from the inside edges of the fittings.
• The elongation of the hose shall be calculated as the percent change from the initial measurement taken at 10 psi (70 kPa) to the final measurement taken at the proof test pres­sure.
• Twist Test.
• The pressure in the hose shall be raised as described in 6.2.8 from the initial pressure of 10 psi (70 kPa) to the proof test pressure.
• The amount of twist shall be measured by following a color line in the hose or by noting, in the period during which the pressure is being raised, the turns of the fitting at the free end of the hose.
• The amount of twist shall be recorded to the nearest one-eighth turn or 45 degrees.
• The direction of twist shall be reported as right or left, with a right twist being in the direction that would tend to tighten the couplings.
• Warp Test.
• The pressure in the hose shall be raised as described in 6.2.8 from the initial pressure of 10 psi (70 kPa) to the proof test pressure.
• For hose having a nominal length of 50 ft (15 m), the amount of warping shall be the maximum deviation of any portion of the hose from a straight line running from the center of the fitting at one end to the center of the fitting at the other end of the hose.

6.3.5.3* For hose having a nominal length greater than 50 ft (15 m) and up to 100 ft (30 m), the amount of warping shall be the maximum deviation of a 50 ft (15 m) portion of the hose from a straight line stalling from the center of the fitting at one end and running to a point on the center of the hose 50 ft (15 m) from that fitting.

6.3.5.4 The warp shall be measured as the distance from the referenced straight line to the center line of the hose at the point of maximum deviation.

• Rise Test.
• The pressure in the hose shall be raised as described in 6.2.8 from the initial pressure of 10 psi (70 kPa) to the proof test pressure.
• The distance that the hose rises above the test table shall be measured to the nearest 1 in. (25 mm) and recorded as the rise.
• If the first measurement of warping is excessive, the posi­tion of the hose relative to the water supply shall be permitted to be reversed, end for end, and the test for warping repeated.
• Rise shall be measured to the nearest 1 (25 mm) and is the distance that the hose rises above the test table when the hose is subjected to the proof test pressure.

6.4 Kink Test.

6.4.1 The test shall be conducted on a test table that shall have a clear space of at least 20 in. (508 mm) on each side of a line drawn through the center of the supply connection paral­lel to the edges of the test table.

• To facilitate the complete removal of air from the hose, the surface of the test table shall be inclined with the supply at the low end.
• The hose shall be filled with water until all air has been exhausted.
• The valve shall be closed and the pressure adjusted to 10 psi (70 kPa).
• The hose shall be sharply kinked 18 in. (457 mm) from the free end by tying the hose back against itself as close to the fittings as practicable.
• The pressure shall be raised as described in 6.2.8 to the test pressure and immediately released.

6.5* Burst Test.

• One 3 ft (0.9 m) sample shall be cut from the end of two lengths of hose and submitted for testing before the hose is subjected to the proof test.
• One of the samples shall be tested while lying straight and the other while lying curved on a surface having a radius of 27 in. (685 mm).

6.5.3* The test shall be conducted within a protective enclo­sure.

6.5.4 The 3 ft (0.9 m) samples shall be connected to the water supply, the air expelled, and the pressure raised until the speci­fied burst pressure is reached.

6.6 Adhesion Test.

• The apparatus required for this test shall consist of a supporting frame, clamps, weights, weight holders, and a timer.
• The supporting frame shall be of such design that speci­mens with weights attached can be suspended vertically and hang freely during the progress of the test.
• The specimen for the adhesion test shall be cut trans­versely.
• The specimen shall be 2 in. (51 mm) wide and shall be cut through so as to give a rectangular sample 2 in. (51 mm) wide and the full circumference of the hose in length.
• A strip of lining, or cover if provided, l’/₂ (38 mm) wide shall be cut out accurately, with the cut extending through the rubber but not entirely through the woven reinforcement.
• The lining or cover and the woven reinforcement shall be separated for about 1V₂ (38 mm), and a reference mark shall be placed on the reinforcement at the juncture of the reinforcement and the lining.
• The free end of the woven reinforcement shall be gripped in a stationary clamp.
• The separated rubber shall be gripped in a freely suspended clamp hanging vertically, to which the prescribed weight shall be attached.
• Provision shall be made for supporting and releasing the weight slowly without jerking.
• The distance through which separation takes place shall be noted for a period of 10 minutes or until complete separa­tion occurs.
• The adhesion to the reinforcement shall be taken as the rate obtained by dividing the total distance separated by inches (millimeters), to the nearest 0.1 in. (2.54 mm), by the elapsed time in minutes.
• If a rubber backing is used between the lining and the reinforcement, the adhesion between the lining and the back­ing and the adhesion between the backing and the reinforce­ment shall be determined using the methods specified in 6.6.1 through 6.6.6.
• If the adhesion between the lining and the backing or between the backing and the reinforcement cannot be deter­mined because the backing has a tendency to tear during the test, the rate of separation between the separating members shall be considered the adhesion.

6.7 Tensile Strength and Elongation.

• Tensile strength and elongation shall be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ASTM D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elas­tomers — Tension, Method A.
• Three dumbbell specimens shall be die-cut to the dimensions given in 6.7.3.
• The constricted portion of the specimen shall be 0.25 in. x 1.30 in. (6.35 mm x 33 mm) and the enlarged ends shall be 1 in. (25 mm) wide.
• The constricted portion of each specimen shall be permitted to be buffed to remove fabric impressions or other surface irregularities.
• Samples shall be buffed prior to cutting with the die.
• If the nature or thickness of the lining is such that buffing cannot be accomplished without damaging the lining, unbuffed specimens shall be permitted to be used for the tensile strength and elongation tests.
• Specimens shall be cut transversely from the sample.
• Three measurements for thickness shall be made in the constricted portion of each specimen.
• The minimum value obtained shall be used as the thickness of the specimen in calculating the tensile strength.
• The average tensile strength of the three specimens shall be considered the tensile strength of the rubber lining or cover.
• Two benchmarks 1 in. (25 mm) apart shall be stamped centrally on the constricted portion of each specimen.
• If a dumbbell test specimen breaks outside the bench­marks, or if the result of either tensile strength or elongation based on the average of three specimens is not acceptable, another set of three specimens shall be tested, and the results from this set shall be considered final.
• Results of tests of specimens that break in the curved portion just outside the benchmarks shall be permitted to be accepted if within the minimum requirements.
• Oven Aging Test.
• Three specimens shall be prepared as described in 6.7.2 through 6.7.6.
• The specimens shall be conditioned in an oven for 96 hours at 158°F ± 3.6°F (70°C ± 2°C) following the proce­dures described in ASTM 1)573, Standard Test Method for Rubber — Deterioration in an Air Oven.
• Two benchmarks 1 in. (25 mm) apart shall be stamped centrally on the constricted portion of each specimen after the conditioning.
• The specimens shall then be tested in accordance with ASTM D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers — Tension, Method A.
• Ozone Resistance.
• Three specimens, sized 3% in. x 1 in. (85 mm x 25 mm), or as close to 1 in. (25 mm) wide as possible from small- diameter hose, shall be cut longitudinally from the liner and cover, if provided, of the sample and mounted in the specimen holder in a looped position in accordance with the procedures outlined in ASTM D1149, Stan dard Test Methods for Rubber Deteri­oration — Cracking in an Ozone Controlled Environmen t.
• The ozone test chamber shall be regulated to give an ozone concentration of 100 pphm ±10 pphm and a tempera­ture of 104°F ± 1.8°F (40°C ± 1°C).
• When constant test conditions have been obtained in the ozone test chamber, and after the mounted specimens have remained in an ozone-free atmosphere for 24 hours, the moun­ted specimens shall be placed in the test chamber and allowed to remain for 70 hours.
• After the test exposure, the specimens shall be removed from the test chamber and examined with a 7-power magnify­ing glass.
• Cold Bending Test.
• A 3 ft (0.9 m) sample of the hose shall be provided with test fittings and immersed in a water bath at room temperature for 24 hours.
• The hose shall be removed from the water bath and exposed to room atmosphere for 15 minutes.
• The hose shall be placed in a cold box for 24 hours with the temperature maintained at -4°F ± 1.8°F (-20°C ± 1°C) unless the hose is being tested for special cold resistance, in which case the temperature shall be maintained at -65°F ± 3.6°F (-54°C±2°C).
• After 24 hours in the cold box, the hose shall be removed from the box and immediately bent double on itself, 180 degrees, first one way and then the other.
• The hose shall then be allowed to thaw at room temperature for 24 hours and then be subjected to the proof test pressure as specified in Section 6.2.
• Cold Flexibility Test.

6.11.1 A 50 ft (15 m) length of dry hose shall be tightly coiled and placed in a cold box for 24 hours with the temperature maintained at -65°F ± 3.6°F (-54°C ± 2°C).

6.11.2 After 24 hours in the cold box, the hose shall be removed from the box and an attempt shall be made immedi­ately by one operator to uncoil and lay out the hose.

• Oil Immersion Test.
• A sample of the liner shall be immersed in a petroleum- based oil at 250°F ± 1.8°F (12PC ± 1°C) for 18 hours, and the tensile strength and elongation determined as specified in Section 6.7.
• The oil used in this test shall be a medium-swelling petroleum-based oil with a viscosity of 100 ± 5 Saybolt Universal seconds at 210°F (98.9°C), an aniline point of 199.4°F ± 5.4°F (93°C ± 3°C), and an open cup flash point of 475°F ± 10°F (246.1°C ± 5.6°C).
• Flexibility and Compressibility Testing.
• The flexibility and compressibility test apparatus shall consist of a compression tester with plates of a nominal 6 in. (152 mm) length and a nominal 4 in. (102 mm) width.
• The compression tester shall be an accepted laboratory instrument having a rate of travel of approximately 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) per minute.
• Two lengths of hose each 20 in. (508 mm) shall be obtained from the uncoupled hose coil, using the hose follow­ing the sample taken for the burst pressure test.
• The 20 in. (508 mm) test sample shall be prepared with a small pinprick every 1 in. (25 mm) longitudinally and parallel to the fold on each side to allow air to escape during compres­sion of the test sample.
• The pinpricks shall be located4 in. ± 0.1 in. (10 mm ± 2.5 mm) from each fold on each side of the hose.
• Each pinprick shall penetrate at least 1 thickness and shall be permitted to penetrate both thicknesses of hose.
• Each sample shall be folded in an “S” shape and flat­tened manually so that the overall dimension of the “S” loop is
  • ± 0.25 in. (127 mm ± 6.35 mm) and the hose test sample is placed between compression plates of the tester, parallel to the
  • (152 mm) axis, as shown in Figure 6.13.5.
• If the hose being tested is cotton-synthetic woven rein­forcement fire hose, the test sample shall be compressed until there is a distance of 1 in. (25.4 mm) between the plates and the amount of load required to achieve this compression recor­ded.
• If the hose being tested is synthetic woven reinforce­ment fire hose, the test sample shall be compressed until there is a distance of 0.63 in. (16 mm) between the plates and the amount of load required to achieve this compression recorded.

Chapter 7 Sampling, Inspection, and Tests

• Quality Control.
• The hose manufacturer shall have a quality control program in place that assures fire hose manufactured to this standard complies with the requirements of this standard.
• The manufacturer shall keep documentation of all design tests that show compliance with the requirements of this standard.
• Records of hydrostatic and friction loss design tests required by this standard shall be kept complete and available to the purchaser when requested at the time of purchase.
• When requested at the time of purchase, the manufac­turer shall provide the purchaser with certification that the fire hose or fire hose assembly furnished has been tested and is in compliance with the requirements of this standard.
•  
• The manufacturer shall be responsible for performing all inspections required by this standard. Manufacturers shall be permitted to utilize their own facilities or any approved laboratory.
• Samples of the hose ready for delivery shall be selected in accordance with ASQZ1.4, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes, for inspection of visual and dimensional characteristics.
•  
• All hose shall be tested to its proof pressure in accord­ance with Section 6.2 after it has been coupled for delivery and shall show no signs of coupling slippage.
• All hose shall be subjected to elongation, twist, warp, and rise tests performed in accordance with Section 6.3.
• Samples shall be selected in accordance with ASQ Z1.4, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes, and tested for kink, burst, adhesion, and tensile strength and elon­gation.
• Design Verification. The design of fire hose manufac­tured with reinforcement from fibers specified in 5.3.1 or linings and covers manufactured with materials specified in 5.4.2 shall be verified as specified in 7.3.4.1 through 7.3.4.5.

7.3.4.1 Abrasion Resistance.

• The abrasion resistance of attack hose and supply hose shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Abrasion Test; FM Approval 2111, Factory Mutual Approval Standard for Fire Hose, Abrasion Test; or equivalent.
• The abrasion resistance of occupant use hose and forestry fire hose shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 219, Lined Fire Hose for Interior Standpipes, Abrasion Test, or equivalent.
• Heat Resistance.
• The ability of attack hose and supply hose to resist heat shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Heat- Resistance Test; FM Approval 2111, Factory Mutual Approval Standard for Fire Hose, Heat Resistance Test; or equivalent.
• The ability of occupant use hose and forestry fire hose to resist heat shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 219, Lined Fire Hose for Interior Standpipes, Heat-Resistance Test, or equivalent.
• Attack hose sizes 114 in. to 3 in. (38 mm to 76 mm) shall be tested using the test procedures defined in ANSI/

UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Radiant Heat Test.

7.3.4.2.3.1 The test results shall be reported by the hose manufacturers to hose purchasers upon request.

• Attack hose sizes 114 in. to 3 in. (38 mm to 76 mm) shall be tested using the test procedures defined in ANSI/ UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Conductive Heat Test.

7.3.4.2.4.1 The test results shall be reported by the hose manufacturers to hose purchasers upon request.

• Repeated Bending.
• The ability of attack hose 314 in. (90 mm) or less nominal size to sustain repeated bending shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Repeated Bending Test, or equivalent.
• The ability of occupant use hose and forestry fire hose to sustain repeated bending shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 219, Lined Fire Hose for Interim- Standpipes, Repeated Bending Test, or equivalent.
• Alternating Pressure. The ability of attack hose and supply hose to withstand alternating pressures shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Alternating Pressure Test, or equiva­lent.
• Moisture Resistance.
• The ability of attack hose and supply hose to resist moisture shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Wet Hose Test, or equivalent.
• The ability of occupant use hose and forestry fire hose to resist moisture shall be verified using the test proce­dures defined in ANSI/UL 219, Lined Fire Hose for Interim- Stand- pipes, Wet Hose Test, or equivalent.
• Friction Loss. The friction loss of attack hose diame­ters 114 in. to 3 in. (38 mm to 76 mm) shall be verified using the test procedures defined in ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies, Friction Loss Test, or equivalent.

Annex A Explanatory Material

Annex A is not a part of the requiremen ts of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. This annex contains explan­atory material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text para­graphs.

1. 1.1 All fire hose has an expected service life. That life will depend 011 a number of factors, such as the initial quality of the hose, the type of service to which it is subjected, and the care it receives during its life. Users should develop a fire hose inspec­tion and care program based 011 NFPA 1962. That program should also address the retirement of fire hose.

One of the reasons for keeping good records of fire hose as required by NFPA 1962 is to evaluate how different fire hoses perform over time. This will provide the experience the users need to help them determine what a useful service life is for different types of hose and make decisions on when fire hose should be retired.

Limited testing of in-service fire hose by the Fire Equipment Manufacturers Association indicated an increased risk of fail­ure after a 10-year time period. The testing looked at the reduction in burst pressure, ozone degradation, liner adhesion and degradation, hose strength, normal wear patterns, and UV degradation of fibers.

While all users should establish their own retirement sched­ule, fire departments should give careful consideration to a 10- year maximum service life under normal operating conditions.

1. 1.2 This standard is not a detailed manufacturing or purchasing specification but can be referenced in purchase specifications as minimum requirements. Refer to Annex B in NFPA 1962.
2. 1.6 Table A. 1.6 provides conversion factors if more preci­sion is required.

A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, proce­dures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installa­tions, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority may require evidence of proper instal­lation, procedure, or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organi­zation that is concerned with product evaluations and is thus in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items.

ANNEX A

A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The phrase “authority having jurisdiction,” or its acronym AHJ, is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or incli-

Table A. 1.6 Conversion Factors vidual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire preven­tion bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory author­ity. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection depart­ment, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designa­ted agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or depart­mental official may be the authority having jurisdiction.

A.3.2.4 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evalua­tion; some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.

A.3.3.4.1 Attack Hose. Attack hose is designed to convey water to handline nozzles, distributor nozzles, master stream appliances, portable hydrants, manifolds, standpipe and sprin­kler systems, and pumps used by the fire department. Attack hose is designed for use at operating pressures up to at least 275 psi (19 bar).

A.3.3.4.7 Supply Hose. Supply hose is designed to be used at operating pressures not exceeding 185 psi (12.8 bar).

A.3.3.9 Reinforcement. The reinforcement is often referred to as the jacket when it is the exterior layer of the hose construction, and hose can have more than one layer of rein­forcement. The reinforcement is sometimes coated or covered with protective materials.

A.4.1.1 A minimum design service test pressure of 300 psi (20.7 bar) for attack hose provides a normal highest operating pressure of 275 psi (19 bar). If a higher operating pressure is needed, a hose having a service test pressure of at least 10 percent greater than the highest operating pressure should be used.

A.4.2.2 Whenever supply hose is being used to supply attack lines, master stream appliances, portable hydrants, manifolds, and standpipe and sprinkler systems, a pressure relief device with a maximum setting of 200 psi (13.8 bar) should be used.

A minimum design service test pressure of 200 psi (13.8 bar) for supply hose provides a normal highest operating pressure of 185 psi (12.8 bar). If a higher operating pressure is needed, a hose having a service test pressure of at least 10 percent greater than the highest operating pressure should be used.

A.4.3.1 A minimum design service test pressure of 150 psi (10.3 bar) for occupant use hose provides a normal highest operating pressure of 135 psi (9.3 bar). If a higher operating pressure is needed, a hose having a service test pressure of at least 10 percent greater than the highest operating pressure should be used.

A.4.4.1 This requirement is consistent with USDA Specifica­tion 5100-186d, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Cotton- Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket, 1 inch and V/2 inch.

A.4.4.2 This requirement is consistent with USDA Specifica­tion 5100-187c, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Lightweight Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket.

1961-15

A.4.4.3 A minimum design service test pressure of 300 psi (20.7 bar) for forestry hose provides a normal highest operat­ing pressure of 275 psi (19 bar). If a higher operating pressure is needed, a hose having a service test pressure of at least 10 percent greater than the highest operating pressure should be used.

A.5.1 The friction loss characteristics of fire hoses are an important consideration in the selection of hose. Friction loss varies considerably depending on the construction and design of the hose, the roughness of the lining, and its internal diame­ter, which may be different for different grades of hose. The type of couplings can also affect the friction loss.

A.5.3.1 Hose with a reinforcement of all-synthetic fibers is much lighter in weight than the cotton-synthetic reinforcement hose and is considerably more flexible; therefore, a greater amount can be stored in a given space.

A.5.3.4 In areas where the hose could be subjected to rough usage, two layers of reinforcement (doublejacketed) or rubber- covered hose should be considered.

A.5.4.1 Fire hose should not be used for the conveyance of potable water. There are hoses specifically designed for this purpose, such as hoses designed to Federal Specifications A-A 59226, Hose Assembly, Nonmetallic, Fire Fighting, with Couplings; MIL-H-24606, Hose, Fire, Synthetic Fiber, Double Jacketed, Treated for Abrasion Resistance, with Couplings, Fire Figfiting and Other Water Service; and MIL-PRF-53207B, Hose Assembly, Rubber: Lightweight Collapsible, 6-inch; for Drinking (Potable) Water.

Linings for these hoses should be approved to NSF 61, Drink­ing Water System Components — Health Effects, or 21 CFR 177.2600, “Rubber Articles Intended for Repeated Use.”

A.5.5.1.2(l) The heat flux value selected for the ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Line Assemblies Radiant Heat Test procedure was a result of studies performed by UL, NIST, the NFPA, and the ATF. These studies determined that a room in the initial stage of flashover had a measured heat flux between 20 kW/nr to 30 kW/m². It is important to understand that this environ­ment will not stay at this heat flux level for more than a few seconds if the room cannot be immediately cooled. Within seconds (if not cooled), the room can easily reach heat flux values exceeding 100 kW/nr, which will destroy commonly used fire hose. It was also noted that areas adjoining a room that has flashed over can reach temperatures of >750°F (399°C) and heat fluxes >30 kW/nr. For this reason, a heat flux of 30 kW/m² was selected for this Radiant Heat Test. Through testing, it has also been determined that commonly used attack fire hose can withstand a heat flux of 30 kW/m² for varying amounts of time, depending on the construction of the hose sample tested.

It is important to understand that not all hose samples leak in the same manner at a heat flux of 30 kW/m². At this heat flux, some hose samples start to leak, which might protect the hose from further damage, while other hose will not leak, but suddenly burst catastrophically. Therefore, the test procedure includes two parts. The first part of the test measures the time of exposure until leakage occurs. The second part measures the flow rate of leakage following exposure and is indicative of whether the hose bursts or leaks. For example, a higher gpm leakage rate is indicative of a burst event, whereas a lower gpm leakage rate is indicative of a slow leak. It is important to consider both the time to leakage and the type of leakage when evaluating the results of the testing. Each consumer should consider how such results could impact firefighting operations.

A.5.5.1.2(2) The ANSI/UL 19, Lined Fire Hose and Line Assem­blies Conductive Heat Test method is being adopted to reflect the need for an increased conductive exposure measurement. Commonly used attack hose meets the current Heat Resistance Test in ANSI/UL 19 for all hose types. However, a need was identified for a higher temperature test that provides compara­tive results to the user for attack hose. Recent studies have shown that the operational environment can exceed 750°F (399°C). The temperature for the Conductive Heat Test was set at 750°F (399°C) as compared to the 500°F (260°C) Heat Resistance Test for all hose. In addition, a time-to-leakage component has been added to provide the user with a better measure for comparing attack line hose products.

The Conductive Heat Test also includes a quantification of the leakage rate of the hose exposed to test conditions. This information can be useful to end users in characterizing the type of leakage that occurs in the test.

A.5.6.1.1 The AHJ is not prohibited from requesting the serv­ice test pressure marked on the hose be less than the design service test pressure, but not less than the minimum require­ments of Chapter 4. If the hose is marked at a service test pres­sure lower than the designed service test pressure, the AHJ should be sure the hose is marked for a pressure of not less than 110 percent of the expected operating pressure.

A.6.3.1 As the elongation test, twist test, warp test, and rise test all require the hose to be pressurized to its proof pressure, these four tests are generally done concurrently with the proof test.

A.6.3.3.3 For this purpose, an edge of the table should be marked off in feet and inches (meters and centimeters).

A.6.3.5.3 Where hose lengths exceed 50 ft (15 m), measure­ment of two segments of the hose will be required to determine the maximum warp, one from the fitting on one end to a point 50 ft (15 m) from that fitting and a second from the fitting on the other end to a point 50 ft (15 m) from that fitting. If the length of the hose is greater than 50 ft (15 m) but less than 100 ft (30 m), some of the hose near its longitudinal center will be included in each segment.

A.6.5 CAUTION: Hose meeting the requirements of this standard might be supplied with a coupling that will not be capable of complying with the burst test requirements of the hose. The purchaser should request information on the failure point of couplings supplied with the hose.

A.6.5.3 The burst test is potentially hazardous as the hose can rupture catastrophically. A protective enclosure should be used to prevent injury if there is a hose rupture or other failure.

Annex B Informational References

B.l Referenced Publications. The documents or portions thereof listed in this annex are referenced within the informa­tional sections of this standard and are not part of the require­ments of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2 for other reasons.

B.l.l NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa­tion, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 1962, Standard for the Care, Use, Inspection, Service Test­ing, and Replacement of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and Fire Hose Appliances, 2018 edition.

B.l.2 Other Publications.

B.l.2.1 Military and Federal Specifications. Naval Publica­tions and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Attn: NPODS, Philadelphia, PA 19120-5094.

A-A 59226, Hose Assembly, Nonmetallic, Fire Fighting, with Couplings, Revision A, December 2006.

MIL-H-24606, Hose, Fire, Synthetic Fiber, Double Jacketed, Treated for Abrasion Resistance, with Couplings, Fire Fighting and Other Water Service, Revision B, August 12, 1994.

ANNEX B

MIL-PRF-53207B, Hose Assembly, Rubber: Lightweight Collapsible, 6-inch; for Drinking (Potable) Water, March 14, 1996.

1. 1.2.2 NSF Publications. NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

NSF 61, Drinking Water System Components — Health Fffects, 2014a.

1. 1.2.3 USDA Publications. USDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center, 444 East Bonita Avenue, San Dimas, CA 91773-3198.

USDA Specification 5100-186d, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Cotton-Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket, 1 inch and /’/? inch, May 2006.

USDA Specification 5100-187c, Forest Service Specification for Fire Hose, Lightweight Synthetic, Lined, Woven Jacket, March 2006.

1. 1.2.4 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, Washington, DC 20401-0001.

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 177.2600, “Rubber Articles Intended for Repeated Use.”

B.2 Informational References. (Reserved)

1961-17

B.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections. (Reserved)