EN 54-27 Fire detection and fire alarms systems – Part 27: Duct smoke detectors
duct smoke detector
fire detector that monitors the air in an air duct to detect smoke3.1.1
response threshold value
aerosol concentration within the duct in the proximity of the specimen at the moment that it generates an alarm signal
Note 1 to entry: The response threshold value can depend on signal processing in the detector and in the control and indicating equipment.
3.1.2
type 1 DSD
point smoke detector mounted inside the duct
3.1.3
type 2 DSD
point smoke detector mounted inside the duct with additional electrical components
Note 1 to entry: Additional electrical components, e.g. visual indicators are not covered by EN 54 standards. Their functions are described e.g. in 4.2.1, 4.2.2, and 4.2.3.
3.1.4
type 3 DSD
point smoke detector mounted outside the duct with additional mechanical means to sample the air
3.1.5
type 4 DSD
point smoke detector mounted outside the duct with additional mechanical means to sample the air and with additional electrical components
Note 1 to entry: Additional electrical components, e.g. visual indicators are not covered by EN 54 standards. Their functions are described e.g. in 4.2.1, 4.2.2, and 4.2.3.
3.1.6
type 5 DSD
aspirating smoke detector with all sampling points inside the duct
3.1.7
type 6 DSD
other types of DSD not complying with type 1 to type 5
Note 1 to entry: This type 6 DSD includes detectors based on EN 54-7 or EN 54-20 with modified sensitivity settings.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Duct smoke detectors shall incorporate at least one smoke sensor. The combination with additional sensors for different fire phenomena can be used.
If additional fire sensors for different fire phenomena are implemented in a DSD, these sensors shall be approved in accordance with the corresponding EN 54 standards.
The manufacturer shall specify whether the DSD can directly be used as an actuator for fire protection systems, i.e. stand-alone system or as a part of a FDAS.
The requirements of this clause shall be applied for all six types of DSD. The relevant tests for the different types of DSD are described in Clause 5.
For type 1 DSD to type 4 DSD, the point smoke detector shall be approved to EN 54-7. Otherwise the DSD shall be assessed like a type 6 DSD.
For type 5 DSD, the ASD shall be approved to EN 54-20; otherwise the DSD shall be assessed like a type 6 DSD.
4.1.2 Compliance:
To comply with this standard the DSD shall meet the requirements of Clause 4 which shall be verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment and shall be tested as described in Clause 5 and shall meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity
4.2.1 Individual alarm indication
Each DSD shall be provided with a red visual indicator, by which the DSD can be identified when the associated detector releases an alarm, until the alarm condition is reset manually. Where other conditions of the DSD can be visually indicated, they shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm indication, except when the DSD is switched into a service mode. The visual indicator shall be visible from outside of the duct from a distance of 6 m in an ambient light intensity up to 500 lx in at least one direction from the DSD. The visual indicator may be integral part of the DSD or remote from DSD.
4.2.2 Additional visual indication (option with requirement)
If the DSD is used as an actuator for a FPS, i.e. stand-alone system then the DSD shall be provided with additional indicators yellow for “fault” and green for “power on”. Additional indicators may be integral part of the DSD or remote from DSD.
For operated DSD the additional visual indicator shall be visible from outside of the duct from a distance of 6 m in an ambient light intensity up to 500 lx in at least one direction from the DSD.
4.2.3 Alarm resetting for stand-alone systems (option with requirement)
If the DSD is used as an actuator for a FPS, i.e. stand-alone system then the DSD shall be provided with means for manual resetting. Means for resetting may be integral part of the DSD or remote from DSD.
4.2.4 Connection of ancillary devices (option with requirement)
For all connections to ancillary devices (remote indicators, control relays etc.), open- or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the DSD.
Where such connections are present the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.4.
4.2.5 Response to slowly developing fires
For type 1 DSD to type 5 DSD the requirements as given in EN 54-7 and EN 54-20 respectively shall be applied. For type 6 DSD the manufacturer shall specify with which of these European Standards the DSD complies.
4.2.6 Dazzling
The sensitivity of the DSD shall not be unduly influenced by the close proximity of artificial light sources. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.6. This test is only applicable to detectors using optical smoke sensors, as ionization chamber detectors are considered unlikely to be influenced.
4.3 Operational reliability
4.3.1 Repeatability
The detector shall have stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity to smoke after a number of alarm conditions. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.1.
4.3.2 Reproducibility
The sensitivity of the detector to smoke shall not vary unduly from specimen to specimen. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.2.
4.3.3 On-site adjustment of response behaviour
If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the response behaviour of the detector then:
These adjustments may be carried out at the sensor control unit or at the control and indicating equipment.
4.3.4 Manufacturer’s adjustments
The DSD shall be designed so that the manufacturer’s settings can only be changed by special means (e.g. the use of a special code or tool) or by breaking or removing a seal.
4.3.5 Monitoring of detachable detectors
For detachable detectors, means shall be provided to detect the removal of the head from the base, in order to give a fault signal.
4.3.6 Software controlled detectors (when provided)
4.3.6.1 General
DSD which rely on software control shall meet the requirements of 4.3.6.2, 4.3.6.3 and 4.3.6.4.
4.3.6.2 Software documentation
The manufacturer shall submit documentation to the test laboratory which gives an overview of the software design. This documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this standard and shall include at least the following:
4.3.6.3 Design detail
The manufacturer shall have available detailed design documentation, which only needs to be provided if required by the testing authority. It shall comprise at least the following:
4.3.6.4 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the DSD, the following requirements for software design shall apply:
4.3.6.5 The storage of programs and data
The program necessary to comply with this standard and any preset data, such as manufacturer’s settings, shall be held in non-volatile memory. Areas of memory containing this program and data shall be designed such that they can only be written to by the use of some special tool or code and not during normal operation of the detector.
Site-specific data shall be held in memory which will retain data for at least two weeks without external power to the DSD, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of power, within 1 h of power being restored.
4.4 Tolerance to supply voltage — Variation in supply parameters
The DSD shall function correctly within the specified range(s) of the supply parameters as specified in 5.4.1.
4.5 Performance parameters under fire conditions — Fire sensitivity
The DSD shall have adequate sensitivity to incipient type fires that may occur in buildings. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.5.1.
4.6 Durability of Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity 4.6.1 Temperature resistance
4.6.1.1 Dry heat (operational)
The DSD shall function correctly at high ambient temperatures. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.1.1.
4.6.1.2 Cold (operational)
The DSD shall function correctly at low ambient temperatures. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.1.2.
4.6.2 Humidity resistance
4.6.2.1 Damp heat, steady-state (operational)
The DSD shall be capable of withstanding long term exposure to a high level of continuous humidity. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.2.1.
4.6.2.2 Damp heat, steady-state (endurance)
The DSD shall be capable of withstanding long term exposure to a high level of continuous humidity. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.2.2.
4.6.3 Corrosion resistance — Sulfur dioxide (SO2) corrosion (endurance)
The DSD shall be capable of withstanding the corrosive effects of sulfur dioxide as an atmospheric pollutant. To confirm this, the sensing element shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.3.1.
4.6.4 Shock and vibration resistance
4.6.4.1 Shock (operational)
The DSD shall function correctly when submitted to mechanical shocks which are likely to occur in the service environment. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.4.1.
4.6.4.2 Impact (operational)
The DSD shall function correctly when submitted to mechanical impacts which it may sustain in the normal service environment. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.4.2.
4.6.4.3 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational)
The DSD shall function correctly when submitted to vibration at levels appropriate to its normal service environment. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.4.3.
4.6.4.4 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance)
The DSD shall be capable of withstanding long exposure to vibration at levels appropriate to the service environment. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.4.4.
4.6.5 Electrical stability — EMC, immunity tests (operational)
The DSD shall operate correctly when submitted to electromagnetic interference. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.5.1.
4.6.6 Air leakage
The DSD shall function correctly such that any air leakage of the DSD does not adversely affect its sensitivity, when monitoring a duct with negative pressure relative to the environment. To confirm this, the DSD shall be assessed in accordance with 5.6.6.
5 Testing, assessment and sampling methods 5.1 General
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the testing shall be carried out after the test specimen has been allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as described in EN 60068-1:2014 as follows:
The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each environmental test where the standard atmospheric conditions are applied.
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, then the specimen shall be connected to suitable supply and monitoring equipment with characteristics as required by the manufacturer’s data. Unless otherwise specified in the test method, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall be set within the manufacturer’s specified range(s) and shall remain substantially constant throughout the tests. The value chosen for each parameter shall normally be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range. If a test procedure requires a specimen to be monitored to detect any alarm or fault signals, then connections shall be made to any necessary ancillary devices (e.g. through wiring to an end-of-line device for conventional detectors) to allow a fault signal to be recognized.
Where a DSD has different sensitivity settings, the following shall apply for test in accordance with Table 1:
5.1.3 Mounting arrangements
The specimen shall be mounted by its normal means of attachment in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. If these instructions describe more than one method of mounting then the method considered to be most unfavourable shall be chosen for each test.
5.1.4 Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be as given in the basic reference standards for the test (e.g. the relevant part of EN 60068).
If a specific tolerance or deviation limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, then a tolerance of 5 % shall be applied.
5.1.5 Response threshold value
The specimen for which the response threshold value is to be measured shall be installed in the aerosol tunnel, described in Annex A, in its normal operating position, by its normal means of attachment.
This measurement can only be taken where the sampling apparatus of the DSD can fit inside the aerosol tunnel. Where the sampling apparatus is too large, other arrangements with the manufacturer should be taken.
Before commencing each measurement, the aerosol tunnel shall be purged to ensure that the tunnel and the specimen are free from the test aerosol.
Unless otherwise specified in the test procedure, the air temperature in the tunnel shall be (23 ± 5) °C and shall not vary by more than 5 K for all the measurements on a particular DSD type.
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the specimen shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.2, and shall be allowed to stabilize for a period of at least 15 min.
The test aerosol, as described in Annex B, shall be introduced into the tunnel such that the rate of increase of aerosol density is as follows:
The rate of increase in aerosol density shall be similar for all measurements on a particular DSD type.
The tests on the DSD specimen shall be conducted at the air velocity of 1 m/s ± 0,2 m/s.
The response threshold value for types 1 to 4 DSD is the aerosol density (m or y) at the moment that the specimen gives an alarm. This shall be recorded as m, expressed in decibels per metre, for detectors using scattered or transmitted light, or as y for detectors using ionization (see Annex C).
For type 5 DSD the response threshold value N shall be measured in accordance with EN 54-20.
For type 6 DSD either of the above methods can be used to determine the response threshold value.
Designate the greater of the response threshold value as ymax or mmax or Nmax the lesser as ymin or mmin or Nmin.
5.1.6 Provision for tests
The following shall be provided for testing compliance with this document:
The specimens submitted shall be deemed representative of the manufacturer’s normal production with regard to their construction and calibration. This implies that the mean response threshold value of the 12 specimens, found in the reproducibility test (see 5.3.2) should also represent the production mean, and that the limits specified in the response threshold value test should also be applicable to the manufacturer’s production.
5.1.7 Reduced function tests
Where the test procedure requires a reduced function test, the detector shall be exposed to a source of smoke which is sufficient to cause an alarm response from the DSD. The nature of the source used and the duration of the exposure shall be appropriate to the product in question.
If possible the additional functions shall be tested at the same time at which the response threshold value is measured. In this case, there is no need for an additional smoke source.
5.1.8 Test schedule
The specimens shall be tested in accordance with the following test schedule (see Table 1). After the reproducibility test, the least sensitive specimen (i.e. this with the highest response threshold) for the lowest sensitivity setting shall be numbered 12 and the others 1 to 11 arbitrarily.
If DSD contains components which have been already tested and approved in accordance with EN 54 standards, the test results can be taken into account. In Table 1 it is defined which tests are carried out for the different types of DSD.
5.2 Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity
5.2.1 Individual alarm indication
A visual inspection of a specimen shall be conducted to verify that the detector meets the requirements for individual alarm indication as specified in 4.2.1.
The specimen shall be checked for adequate visibility in an ambient light intensity of 500 lx.
5.2.2 Additional visual indication (when provided)
A visual inspection of a specimen shall be conducted to verify that the detector meets the requirements for additional visual indication as specified in 4.2.2.
The specimen shall be checked for adequate visibility in an ambient light intensity of 500 lx.
5.2.3 Alarm resetting for stand-alone system (when provided)
An engineering assessment shall be carried out for the correct resetting for a stand-alone system. A manual reset of a specimen shall be conducted to verify that the detector meets the requirements for resetting for stand-alone system as specified in 4.2.3.
5.2.4 Connection of ancillary devices (when provided)
Open- and short-circuit shall be applied at the connections for ancillary devices.
An engineering assessment shall be carried out for the correct operation of the DSD as specified in 4.2.4.
5.2.5 Response to slowly developing fires
The behaviour of the DSD to slowly developing fires shall be assessed to meet the requirements of 4.2.5.
Since it is not practical to make tests with very slow increases in smoke density, the assessment of the detector’s response to slow increases in smoke density shall be made by analysis of the circuit/software, and/or physical tests and simulations.
The detector shall be deemed to meet the requirements of 4.2.5 if this assessment shows that:
5.2.6 Dazzling 5.2.6.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the DSD is not unduly influenced by the close proximity of artificial light sources, this test is applied only to:
5.2.6.2 Test procedure
The specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 and shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.2. The dazzling apparatus (see Annex D) shall be installed over the portion of the specimen mounted outside the duct, such that the smoke then is applied:
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
The maximum response threshold value shall be designated mmax or Nmax and the minimum response threshold value mmin or Nmin.
5.2.6.3 Requirements
During the periods when the lamps are being switched ON and OFF, and when the lamps are ON before the response threshold value is measured, the specimen shall not emit either an alarm or a fault signal.
The ratio of the response thresholds mmax : mmin or Nmax : Nmin shall be not greater than 1,6.
The additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour shall function correctly within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.3 Operational reliability
5.3.1 Repeatability
5.3.1.1 Object of test
To show that the DSD has stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity even after a number of alarm conditions.
5.3.2 Reproducibility
5.3.2.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the DSD does not vary unduly from specimen to specimen and to establish response threshold value data for comparison with the response threshold values measured after the environmental tests.
5.3.2.2 Test procedure
The response threshold value of each of the test specimens shall be measured as specified in 5.1.5.
The mean of these response threshold values shall be calculated and shall be designated ymean or mmean or ^mean.
The maximum response threshold value shall be designated ymax or mmax or Nmax, the minimum value >-min or mmin or ^min.
5.3.3 On-site adjustment of response behaviour
A visual inspection shall be conducted to verify that the DSD meets the requirements for on-site adjustment of response behaviour as specified in 4.3.3.
5.3.4 Manufacturer’s adjustments
A visual inspection of a specimen shall be conducted to verify that the DSD meets the requirements for manufacturer adjustments as specified in 4.3.4.
5.3.5 Monitoring of detachable detectors
A visual inspection of a specimen shall be conducted to verify that the DSD meets the requirements for manufacturer adjustments as specified in 4.3.5.
5.3.6 Software controlled devices
For detectors that rely on software for their operation, an assessment of the documentation provided by the manufacturer shall be conducted to verify that the device complies with the requirements specified in 4.3.6.
5.4 Tolerance to supply voltage
5.4.1 Variation in supply parameters
5.4.1.1 Object of test
To show that, within the specified range(s) of the supply parameters (e.g. voltage), the sensitivity of the DSD is not unduly dependent on these parameters.
5.5 Performance parameters under fire conditions
5.5.1 Fire sensitivity
5.5.1.1 Object of test
To show that the DSD has adequate sensitivity to visible smoke types required for general applications in fire detection systems for buildings.
5.5.1.2 Test procedure
5.5.1.2.1 Principle of test
The DSD is exposed to a series of test fires with a “worst case” arrangement with respect to the length of additional mechanical means to sample the smoke, the number and size of holes or slots etc. The manufacturer shall, in agreement with the test laboratory and certification body, specify the “worst case” configuration for the tests.
The specimen shall be mounted in a duct leading from the fire test room (see Annex E and I) and shall be exposed to three test fires designed to produce smoke representative of the type that may impair visibility in a building, at two duct air velocities. All three test fires shall be conducted at the following two duct air velocities at (1 ± 0,2) m/s and at (20 ± 2,0) m/s.
5.5.1.2.2 Test fires
The specimens shall be subjected to the three test fires TF2D, TF4D and TF8D. The type, quantity and arrangement of the fuel and the method of ignition are specified in Annexe F, Annex G and Annex H for each test fire, along with the end-of-test condition and the test validity criteria.
It is permissible, and may be necessary, to adjust the quantity, condition (e.g. moisture content) and arrangement of the fuel to obtain valid test fires.
5.5.1.2.3 Mounting of specimens
The specimen shall be mounted in the tunnel for fire tests (see Annex E and Annex I) as specified in 5.1.3.
Where additional mechanical means to sample the smoke (e.g. a sampling tube) from the duct are used and the tube length specified by the manufacturer exceeds the width of the test tunnel, the sampling tube length shall be adjusted to equal the width of the test tunnel. The adjusted tube length shall provide the same detection characteristics, e.g. air pressure, number and size of equally spaced holes or slots, as per the manufacturer’s longest or shortest sampling tube, whichever is appropriate to be the worst case.
The specimen shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.2 and shall be allowed to stabilize in its quiescent condition before the start of each test fire.
Detectors which dynamically modify their sensitivity in response to varying ambient conditions could require special reset procedures and/or stabilization times. The manufacturer’s guidance should be sought in such cases to ensure that the state of the detectors at the start of each test is representative of their normal quiescent state.
The alarm signal given by the supply and monitoring equipment shall be taken as the indication that a specimen has responded to the test fire.
The time of response (alarm signal) of each specimen, along with ATa and ma, the fire parameters at the moment of response shall be recorded. A response of the DSD after the end of test condition is ignored.
5.6 Durability of Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity 5.6.1 Temperature resistance 5.6.1.1 Dry heat (operational)
5.6.1.1.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the ability of the DSD to function correctly at high ambient temperatures appropriate to its application which may occur for short periods in the service environment.
5.6.1.1.2 Test procedure
5.6.1.1.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus and the procedure shall be as specified in EN 60068-2-2:2007, Test Bb, and in 5.6.1.1.2.2 to 5.6.1.1.2.5.
5.6.1.1.2.2 State of specimen during conditioning
The specimen to be tested shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 and shall be connected it to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.2.
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.1.1.2.3 Measurements during conditioning
The specimen shall be monitored during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals. During the last 10 min of the conditioning the specimen shall be subjected to the reduced function test in accordance with 5.1.7.
5.6.1.1.2.4 Final measurements
After the recovery period of at least 1 h the response threshold value shall be measured as specified in 5.1.5.
The maximum response threshold value measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test shall be designated ymax or mmax or Nmax, and the minimum ymin or mmin or Nmin .
5.6.1.1.3 Requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the period that the temperature is increasing to the conditioning temperature or during the conditioning period until the response threshold value is measured.
The ratio of the response threshold values ymax : >-min or mmax : mmin or Nmax : ^min shall be not greater than 1,6.
The additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour shall function correctly within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.1.2 Cold (operational)
5.6.1.2.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the ability of the DSD to function correctly at low ambient temperatures appropriate to the anticipated service environment.
5.6.1.2.2.1 Measurements during conditioning
Monitor the specimen during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
A reduced function test in accordance with 5.1.7 shall be conducted during the last hour of conditioning to test the smoke detection functionality of the DSD.
5.6.1.2.2.2 Final measurements
After a recovery period of at least 1 h at the standard atmospheric conditions, measure the response threshold value as specified in 5.1.5.
5.6.2 Humidity resistance
5.6.2.1 Damp heat, steady-state (operational)
5.6.2.1.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the ability of the DSD to function correctly at high relative humidity (without condensation), which may occur for short periods in the anticipated service environment.
5.6.2.1.2 Test procedure
5.6.2.1.2.1 State of the specimen during conditioning
The specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 and shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.2.
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.2.1.2.2 Conditioning
The following conditioning shall be applied:
5.6.2.1.2.3 Measurements during conditioning
The specimen shall be monitored during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
A function test shall be conducted during the last hour of conditioning to test the smoke detection functionality of the DSD.
5.6.2.1.2.5 Final measurements
After a recovery period of at least 1 h at the standard atmospheric conditions, measure the response threshold value as specified in 5.1.5.
The maximum response threshold value measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test shall be designated as ymax or mmax or Nmax, and the minimum as >min or mmin or
^min.
5.6.2.2 Damp heat, steady-state (endurance)
5.6.2.2.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the ability of the DSD to withstand the long-term effects of humidity in the service environment (e.g. changes in electrical properties of materials, chemical reactions involving moisture, galvanic corrosion).
5.6.2.2.2 Test procedure
5.6.2.2.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus shall be used and the procedure shall be performed as specified in EN 60068-2-78:2013 Test Cab, and in 5.6.2.2.2.2 to 5.6.2.2.2.4.
5.6.2.2.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
The specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3. It shall not be supplied with power during the conditioning.
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.2.2.2.3 Final measurements
After a recovery period of at least 1 h in standard atmospheric conditions, measure the response threshold value as specified in 5.1.5.
5.6.3 Corrosion resistance — Sulfur dioxide (SO2) corrosion (endurance)
5.6.3.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the ability of the DSD to withstand the corrosive effects of sulfur dioxide as an atmospheric pollutant.
5.6.3.2 Test procedure
5.6.3.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus shall be used and the procedure shall generally be performed as specified in EN 60068-2-42:2003, Test Kc, but the conditioning shall be carried out as specified in 5.6.3.2.3.
5.6.3.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
The specimen shall be assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shall not be supplied with power during the conditioning, but it shall have untinned copper wires, of the appropriate diameter, connected to sufficient terminals to allow the final measurement to be made, without making further connections to the specimen.
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.3.2.3 Final measurements
Immediately after the conditioning, the specimen shall be subjected to a drying period of 16 h at (40 ± 2) °C, < 50 % RH, followed by a recovery period of at least 1 h at the standard atmospheric conditions. After this, the specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 and the response threshold value shall be measured as specified in 5.1.5.
The maximum response threshold value measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test shall be designated as ymax or mmax or Nmax, and the minimum as >min or mmin or
^min.
5.6.3.3 Requirements
No fault signal, attributable to the endurance conditioning, shall be given on reconnection of the specimen.
The ratio of the response threshold values ymax : >-min or mmax : mmin or Nmax : ^min shall be not greater than 1,6.
The additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour shall function correctly within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.4 Shock and vibration resistance 5.6.4.1 Shock (operational)
5.6.4.1.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the immunity of the DSD to mechanical shocks, which are likely to occur, albeit infrequently, in the anticipated service environment.
5.6.4.1.2.1 Measurements during conditioning
The specimen shall be monitored during the conditioning period and for a further 2 min to detect any alarm or fault signals.
5.6.4.1.2.5 Final measurements
as specified in 5.1.3 and the response threshold value
After the conditioning, the specimen shall be mounted shall be measured as specified in 5.1.5.
The maximum response threshold value measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test shall be designated as ymax or mmax or Nmax, and the minimum as ymin or mmin or
Nmin.
5.6.4.1.3 Requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning period or the additional 2 min.
The ratio of the response threshold values ymax : ymin or mmax : mmin or Nmax : Nmin shall be not greater than 1,6.
The additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour shall function correctly within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.4.2 Impact (operational)
5.6.4.2.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the immunity of the DSD to mechanical impacts upon its exposed surfaces outside the duct, which it may sustain in the normal service environments, and which it can reasonably be expected to withstand.
Any components of the DSD mounted inside the duct shall not be tested with impacts, this also includes complete DSD inside the duct.
5.6.4.2.2 Test procedure
5.6.4.2.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-75:2014, Test Ehb.
5.6.4.2.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
The specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 to a rigid fixture and shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.2.
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.4.2.2.3 Measurements during conditioning
The specimen shall be monitored during the conditioning period and for further 2 min to detect any alarm or fault signals.
5.6.4.3.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the immunity of the DSD to vibration at levels considered appropriate to the normal service environment.
5.6.4.3.2 Test procedure
5.6.4.3.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus shall be used and the procedure shall be performed as specified in EN 60068-2-6:2008, Test Fc, and in 5.6.4.3.2.2 to 5.6.4.3.2.5.
5.6.4.3.2.2 State of specimen during conditioning
The specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 to a rigid fixture and shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.2. The vibration shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular axes in turn, and so that one of the three axes is perpendicular to the normal mounting plane of the specimen.
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
The vibration operational and endurance tests may be combined such that the specimen is subjected to the operational test conditioning followed by the endurance test conditioning in one axis before changing to the next axis. Only one final measurement need be made.
5.6.4.3.2.3 Measurements during conditioning
The specimen shall be monitored during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
5.6.4.3.2.4 Final measurements
After the conditioning, the specimen shall be visually inspected for mechanical damage both internally and externally. Then the specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 and the response threshold value shall be measured as specified in 5.1.5.
NOTE The final measurements are normally made after the vibration endurance test and only need be made here if the operational test is conducted in isolation.
The maximum response threshold value measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test shall be designated as ymax or mmax or Nmax, and the minimum as ymin or mmin or
5.6.4.4.1 Object of test
To demonstrate the ability of the DSD to withstand the long-term effects of vibration at levels appropriate to the service environment.
5.6.4.4.2.1 State of specimen during conditioning
The specimen shall be mounted on a rigid fixture as specified in 5.1.3, but shall not be supplied with power during conditioning. The vibration shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular axes in turn, and so that one of the three axes is perpendicular to the normal mounting axis of the specimen.
The function test shall be carried out to verify that the additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour operate within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.4.4.2.2 Final measurements
After the conditioning, the specimen shall be mounted as specified in 5.1.3 and the response threshold value shall be measured as specified in 5.1.5.
The maximum response threshold value measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test shall be designated as .
The additional electrical and/or mechanical components influencing the DSD response behaviour shall function correctly within the manufacturer’s specification.
5.6.5 Electrical stability
5.6.5.1 EMC, immunity tests (operational)
5.6.5.1.1 The following EMC immunity tests shall be carried out as specified in EN 50130-4:2011:
a) electrostatic discharge;
b) radiated electromagnetic fields;
c) conducted disturbances induced by electromagnetic fields;
d) fast transient bursts;
e) slow high-energy voltage surges.
5.6.6 Air leakage
5.6.6.1 Object of test
To demonstrate that any leakage of the DSD does not adversely affect it sensitivity, a specimen shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.6.2.
This clause is only applicable for DSD located outside the duct having pipes or flow paths that penetrate the walls of the duct to provide air to the DSD.
In the case where the DSD is installed completely within the volume of the duct, it is not necessary to satisfy this test. However, installation instructions should include a clear method of installation such that the duct remains sealed. The instructions should also specify that other components of the DSD are physically separated (independent from duct pressure) and only electrically connected.
5.6.6.2 Test procedure
6.1 General
The compliance of the duct smoke detectors with the requirements of this standard and with the performances declared by the manufacturer in the DoP shall be demonstrated by:
— determination of product type,
— factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment.
The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take responsibility for the conformity with its declared performance(s).
6.2 Type testing 6.2.1 General
All performances related to characteristics included in this standard shall be determined when the manufacturer intends to declare the respective performances unless the standard gives provisions for declaring them without performing tests. (e.g. use of previously existing data, CWFT and conventionally accepted performance).
Assessment previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard, may be taken into account provided that they were made to the same or a more rigorous test method, under the same AVCP system on the same product or products of similar design, construction and functionality, such that the results are applicable to the product in question.
NOTE Same AVCP system means testing by an independent third party under the responsibility of a notified product certification body.
For the purpose of assessment manufacturer’s products may be grouped into families where it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the family are representative for that same characteristics for all products within that same family.
Products may be grouped in different families for different characteristics.
Reference to the assessment method standards should be made to allow the selection of a suitable representative sample.
In addition, the determination of the product type shall be performed for all characteristics included in the standard for which the manufacturer declares the performance:
— at the beginning of the production of a new or modified duct smoke detector (unless a member of the same product range), or
— at the beginning of a new or modified method of production (where this may affect the stated properties); or
— they shall be repeated for the appropriate characteristic(s), whenever a change occurs in the duct smoke detector design, in the raw material or in the supplier of the components, or in the method of production (subject to the definition of a family), which would affect significantly one or more of the characteristics.
Where components are used whose characteristics have already been determined, by the component manufacturer, on the basis of assessment methods of other product standards, these characteristics need not be re-assessed. The specifications of these components shall be documented.
Products bearing regulatory marking in accordance with appropriate harmonized European specifications may be presumed to have the performances declared in the DoP, although this does not replace the responsibility on the manufacturer to ensure that the duct smoke detectors as a whole is correctly manufactured and its component products have the declared performance values.
6.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria
6.2.3 Test reports
The results of the determination of the product type shall be documented in test reports. All test reports shall be retained by the manufacturer for at least 10 years after the last date of production of the smoke duct detectors to which they relate.
6.3 Factory production control (FPC)
6.3.1 General
The manufacturer shall establish, document and maintain an FPC system to ensure that the products placed on the market comply with the declared performance of the essential characteristics.
The FPC system shall consist of:
a) procedures;
b) regular inspections and tests or assessments or both;
c) the use of the results to control:
1) raw and other incoming materials or components;
2) equipment;
3) the production process and the product.
All the elements, requirements and provisions adopted by the manufacturer shall be documented in a systematic manner in the form of written policies and procedures. This factory production control system documentation shall:
— ensure a common understanding of the evaluation of the constancy of performance;
— enable the achievement of the required product performances;
— enable the effective operation of the production control system to be checked.
Factory production control, therefore, brings together operational techniques and all measures allowing maintenance and control of the compliance of the product with the declared performance(s) of the essential characteristics.
6.3.2 Requirements 6.3.2.1 General
The manufacturer is responsible for organizing the effective implementation of the FPC system in line with the content of this product standard. Tasks and responsibilities in the production control organization shall be documented and this documentation shall be kept up-to-date.
The responsibility, authority and the relationship between personnel that manages, performs or verifies work affecting product constancy shall be defined. This applies in particular to personnel that need to initiate actions preventing product non-constancies from occurring, actions in case of non-constancies and to identify and register product constancy problems.
Personnel performing work affecting the constancy of performance of the product shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, skills and experience for which records shall be maintained.
In each factory the manufacturer may delegate the action to a person having the necessary authority to:
— identify procedures to demonstrate constancy of performance of the product at appropriate stages;
— identify and record any instance of non-constancy;
— identify procedures to correct instances of non-constancy.
The manufacturer shall draw up and keep up-to-date documents defining the FPC. The manufacturer’s documentation and procedures should be appropriate to the product and manufacturing process and the FPC system should achieve an appropriate level of confidence in the constancy of performance of the product. This involves:
a) the preparation of documented procedures and instructions relating to factory production control operations, in accordance with the requirements of the technical specification to which reference is made;
b) the effective implementation of these procedures and instructions;
c) the recording of these operations and their results;
d) the use of these results to correct any deviations, repair the effects of such deviations, treat any resulting instances of non-conformity and, if necessary, revise the FPC to rectify the cause of non-constancy of performance.
— Where subcontracting takes place, the manufacturer shall retain the overall control of the product and ensure that he receives all the information that is necessary to fulfil his responsibilities according to this European Standard.
— If the manufacturer has part of the product designed, manufactured, assembled, packed, processed and/or labelled by subcontracting, the FPC of the subcontractor may be taken into account, where appropriate for the product in question.
— The manufacturer who subcontracts all of his activities may in no circumstances pass these responsibilities on to a subcontractor.
NOTE Manufacturers having an FPC system, which complies with EN ISO 9001 standard and which addresses the provisions of the present European standard are considered as satisfying the FPC requirements of the Regulation (EU) No 305/2011.
6.3.2.2 Equipment
6.3.2.2.1 Testing
All weighing, measuring and testing equipment shall be calibrated or verified or both and regularly inspected according to documented procedures, frequencies and criteria to ensure consistency with the monitoring and measuring requirements. All calibrated or verified equipment shall have identification in order to determine their status.
6.3.2.2.2 Manufacturing
All equipment used in the manufacturing process shall be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure use, wear or failure does not cause inconsistency in the manufacturing process. Inspections and maintenance shall be carried out and recorded in accordance with the manufacturer’s written procedures and the records retained for the period defined in the manufacturer’s FPC procedures.
6.3.2.3 Raw materials and components
The specifications of all incoming raw materials and components shall be documented, as shall the inspection scheme for ensuring their compliance. In case supplied kit components are used, the constancy of performance system of the component shall be that given in the appropriate harmonized technical specification for that component.
6.3.2.4 Traceability and marking
Individual products shall be identifiable and traceable with regard to their production origin. The manufacturer shall have written procedures ensuring that processes related to affixing traceability codes and/or markings are inspected regularly.
6.3.2.5 Controls during manufacturing process
The manufacturer shall plan and carry out production under controlled conditions.
6.3.2.6 Product testing and evaluation
The manufacturer shall establish procedures to ensure that the declared performance of the characteristics is maintained. The characteristics, and the means of control, are indicated in Clauses 4 and Clause 5.
6.3.2.7 Non-complying products
The manufacturer shall have written procedures which specify how non complying products shall be dealt with. Any such events shall be recorded as they occur and these records shall be kept for the period defined in the manufacturer’s written procedures.
Where the product fails to satisfy the acceptance criteria, the provisions for non-complying products shall apply, the necessary corrective action(s) shall immediately be taken and the products or batches not complying shall be isolated and properly identified.
Once the fault has been corrected, the test or verification in question shall be repeated.
The results of controls and tests shall be recorded. The product description, date of manufacture, test method adopted, test results and acceptance criteria shall be entered in the records under the signature of the person responsible for the control/test.
With regard to any control result not meeting the requirements of this European standard, the corrective measures taken to rectify the situation (e.g. a further test carried out, modification of manufacturing process, throwing away or putting right of product) shall be indicated in the records.
6.3.2.8 Corrective action
The manufacturer shall have documented procedures that instigate action to eliminate the cause of non¬conformities in order to prevent recurrence.
6.3.2.9 Handling, storage and packaging
The manufacturer shall have procedures providing methods of product handling and shall provide suitable storage areas preventing damage or deterioration.
6.3.3 Product specific requirements
The FPC system shall:
— address this European Standard, and
— ensure that the products placed on the market comply with the declaration of performance.
The FPC system shall include a product specific test plan, which identifies procedures to demonstrate compliance of the product at appropriate stages, i.e.:
a) the controls and tests to be carried out prior to and/or during manufacture according to a frequency laid down in the test plan, and/or
b) the verifications and tests to be carried out on finished products according to a frequency laid down in the test plan.
If the manufacturer uses only finished products, the operations under b) shall lead to an equivalent level of conformity of the product as if FPC had been carried out during the production.
If the manufacturer carries out parts of the production himself, the operations under b) may be reduced and partly replaced by operations under a). Generally, the more parts of the production that are carried out by the manufacturer, the more operations under b) may be replaced by operations under a).
In any case the operation shall lead to an equivalent level of compliance of the product as if FPC had been carried out during the production.
NOTE Depending on the specific case, it can be necessary to carry out the operations referred to under a) and b), only the operations under a) or only those under b).
The operations under a) centre as much on the intermediate states of the product as on manufacturing machines and their adjustment, and measuring equipment etc. These controls and tests and their frequency shall be chosen based on product type and composition, the manufacturing process and its complexity, the sensitivity of product features to variations in manufacturing parameters etc.
The manufacturer shall establish and maintain records that provide evidence that the production has been sampled and tested. These records shall show clearly whether the production has satisfied the defined acceptance criteria and shall be available for at least three years.