NFPA1901 Automotive Fire Apparatus

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1* Scope. This standard defines the requirements for new automotive fire apparatus and trailers designed to be used under emergency conditions to transport personnel and equip­ment and to support the suppression of fires and mitigation of other hazardous situations.

• This standard specifies the minimum require­ments for new automotive fire apparatus and trailers.
•  

1.3.1* This standard shall apply to new fire apparatus that meet the following criteria:

(1) Have 10,000 lb (4,500 kg) or greater gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) or are trailers intended to be towed by fire apparatus under emergency response conditions

• Are designed for use under emergency conditions to transport personnel and equipment and to support the suppression of fires and mitigation of other hazardous situations
• Are contracted for on or after January 1, 2016

• Nothing shall prevent the use of the standard prior to January 1, 2016, or for vehicles with less than 10,000 lb

(4,500 kg) gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), if the purchaser and the contractor both agree.

• This standard shall not apply to wildland fire apparatus, which are covered by NFPA 1906.

1.4* Retroactivity. This standard shall not be applied retroac­tively.

• Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durabil­ity, and safety over those prescribed by this standard.
• The technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency.
• The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction.
• Units of Measure.

1.6.1* In this standard, values for measurement in U.S. customary units shall be followed an equivalent in SI units.

1.6.2 Either set of values can be used, but the same set of values (either U.S. customary units or SI units) shall be used consistently.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

• The documents or portions thereoflisted in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.
• NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, wvw.NFPA.org.

NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2014 edition. NFPA 1906, Standard for Wildland Fire Apparatus, 2016 edition.

NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2012 edition.

NFPA 1931, Standard for Manufacturer’s Design of Fire Depart­ment Ground Ladders, 2015 edition.

NFPA 1961, Standard on Fire Hose, 2013 edition. NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections, 2014 edition. NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services, 2013 edition.

NFPA 1983, Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services, 2012 edition.

NFPA 1989, Standard on Breathing Air Quality for Emergency Services Respiratory Protection, 2013 edition.

• Other Publications.

2.3.1 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Insti­tute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th floor, New York, NY 10036.

ANSI A14.2, Ladders — Portable Metal — Safety Requirements, 2007.

ANSI A14.5, Ladders — Portable Reinforced Plastic — Safety Requirements, 2007.

ANSI/NEMA Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels, 2011.

• ASME Publications. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.asme .org.

ASME B40.100, Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments, 2005.

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, 2013.

• ASNT Publications. American Society for Nondestruc­tive Testing, Inc., 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518, asnt.org.

ANSI/ASNT CP-189, Standard for Qualification and Certifica­tion of Nondestructive Testing Personnel, 2011.

• ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Ban- Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, astm.org.

ASTM B647, Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Webster Hardness Gage, 2010.

ASTM B648, Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Barcol Impressor, 2010.

ASTM D4956, Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control, 2013.

ASTM E6, Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechani­cal Testing, 2009bel.

ASTM E10, Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials, 2012.

ASTM El8, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials, 2014.

ASTM El 14, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight- Beam Examination by the Contact Method, 2010.

ASTM E165/E165M, Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examinations, 2012.

ASTM E384, Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hard­ness of Metallic Materials, 2011 e 1.

ASTM E569/E569M, Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation, 2013.

ASTM E650, Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors, 2012.

ASTM E709, Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing, 2014.

ASTM E797, Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Contact Method, 2010.

ASTM El004, Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method, 2009.

• AWS Publications. American Welding Society, 550 NW Lejeune Road, Miami, FL 33126, aws.org.

AWS B1.10, Guide for the Nondestructive Examination of Welds, 1999.

AWS Dl.l, Structural Welding Code — Steel, 2006.

AWS D1.2, Structural Welding Code — Aluminum, 2003. AWS D1.3, Structural Welding Code — Sheet Steel, 2008.

• CGA Publications. Compressed Gas Association, 14501 George Carter Way, Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923 cganet.com.

G-7, Compressed Air for Human Respiration, 2008.

G-7.1, Commodity Specification for Air, 2011.

• CSA Publications. Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, csa.ca.

CSA W47.1, Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Steel, 2012.

CSA W47.2, Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Aluminum, 2012.

• FAMA Publications. Fire Apparatus Manufacturers Asso­ciation, P.O. Box 397, Lynnfield, MA 01940-0397, fama.org.

FAMA TC008, Graphical Symbols for Automotive Fire Apparatus.

FAMA TC010, Standard Product Safety Sign Catalog for Automo­tive Fire Apparatus, 2012.

• ISEA Publications. International Safety Equipment Asso­ciation, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762, ww.safetyequipment.org.

ANSI/ISEA 207, Standard for High-Visibility Public Safety Vests, 2011.

• ISO Publications. International Standards Organiza­tion, 1 rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland, standardsinfo. ne t.

ISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery — Machine safety labels — General principles, 2008.

ISO/IEC 17020, Conformity Assessment: Requirements for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection, 2012.

• Parker Hannifin, Racor Division Publications. Parker Hannifin, Racor Division, Attn: Dan Haggard, 805 West Street, Holly Springs, MS 38634.

LF 1093-90, Ember Separation Test Procedure, January 2003.

• SAE Publications. Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096, SAE.org.

SAE J156, Fusible Links, 2012.

SAEJ541, Voltage Drop for Starting Motor Circuits, 1996.

SAE J551/1, Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (16.6 Hz to IS GHz), 2010.

SAEJ553, Circuit Breakers, 2004.

SAEJ554, Electric Fuses (Cartridge Type), 1987.

SAE J560, Primary and Auxiliary Seven Conductor Electrical Connector for Truck-Trailer Jumper Cable, 2009.

SAE J575, Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices and Components for Use on Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in Overall Width, 2012.

SAEJ578, Color Specification, 2012.

SAE J595, Directional Flashing Optical Warning Devices for Authorized Emergency, Maintenance, and Service Vehicles, 2008.

SAE J683, Tire Chain Clearance — Trucks, Buses (Except Subur­ban, Intercity, and Transit Buses), and Combinations of Vehicles, 2011.

SAE J845, Optical Warning Devices for Authorized Emergency, Maintenance, and Service Vehicles, 2007.

SAE J994, Alarm — Backup — Electric, Laboratory Performance Testing, 2009.

SAEJ1127, Low Voltage Battery Cable, 2012.

SAEJ1128, Low Voltage Primary Cable, 2012.

SAEJ1330, Photometry Laboratory Accuracy Guidelines, 2007.

SAE J1690, Flashers, 1996.

SAEJ1849, Emergency Vehicle Sirens, Stabilized 2012.

SAEJ1888, High Current Time Lag Electric Fuses, 1990.

SAEJ1889, L.E.D. Signal and Marking Lighting Devices, 2011.

SAEJ2077, Miniature Blade Type Electrical Fuses, 1990.

SAE J2174, Heavy-Duty Wiring Systems for Trailers 2032 mm or More in Width, 2009.

SAE J2180, A Tilt Table Procedure for Measuring the Static Roll­over Threshold for Heavy Trucks, 2011.

SAE J2202, Heavy-Duty Wiring Systems for On-Highway Trucks, 2003.

SAE J2394, Seven-Conductor Cable for ABS Power — Truck and Bus, 2013.

SAE J2418, Occupant Restraint System Evaluation — Frontal Impact Componen t-Level Heavy Trucks, 2003.

SAE J2420, COE Frontal Strength Evaluation — Dynamic Load­ing Heavy Trucks, 2010.

SAE J2422, Cab Roof Strength Evaluation — Quasi-Static Load­ing Heavy Trucks, 2010.

SAEJ2863, Automotive Trailer Tow Connector, 2013.

• TRA Publications. Tire and Rim Association, Inc., 175 Montrose West Ave., Copley, OH 44321, ww.US-TRA.org.

Tire and Rim Association— Year Book, 2015.

• UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, ul.com.

ANSI/UL 153, Standard for Portable Electric Luminaires, 2002, with revisions through March 15, 2013.

ANSI/UL 498, Standard for Safety Attachment Plugs and Recepta­cles, 2013 with revisions through November 16, 2012.

ANSI/UL 969, Standard for Marking and Labeling Systems, 1995 with revisions through November 24, 2008.

ANSI/UL 1598, Standard for Luminaires, 2008, with revisions through October 17, 2012.

• UNECE Publications. UN Economic Commission for Europe, Palais des Nations, CH – 1211, Oeneva 10 Switzerland, www. U NECE .org.

ECE Regulation number 29, Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approved of Vehicles with Regard to the Protection of the Occupants of the Cab of a Commercial Vehicle, 2011.

• S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, wvw.gpo.gov.

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.169, “Air receivers.” 29 CFR 1910.169.

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 178.37, “Specifi­cation 3AA and 3AAX, seamless steel cylinders.” 49 CFR 178.37.

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 393.94, “Interior noise levels in power units, paragraph (c), Test procedure.” 49 CFR 393.94.

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 567, “Certifica­tion.” 49 CFR 567.

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 571, Subpart B, “Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards,” No. 108, “Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.” 49 CFR 571.108.

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 571, Subpart B, “Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards,” No. 302, “Flammabil- ity of interior materials.” 49 CFR 571.302.

• Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam- Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

M-PA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2014 edition. NFPA 1150, Standard on Foam Chemicals for Fires in Class A Fuels, 2010 edition.

NFPA 1932, Standard on Use, Maintenance, and Service Testing of In-Service Fire Department Ground Ladders, 2015 edition. NFPA 1961, Standard on Fire Hose, 2013 edition. NFPA 1989, Standard on Breathing Air Quality for Emergency Services Respiratory Protection, 2013 edition.

Chapter 3 Definitions

• The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily acceptecl meaning.
• NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic­tion.

3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

3.2.3 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organ­ization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peri­odic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materi­als, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

3.2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalua­tion of services, and whose listing states that either the equip­ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

• Indicates a mandatory requirement.
• Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
• An NFPA Standard, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase “standards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards, including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides.

3.3 General Definitions.

• An agreement between the purchasing authority and the contractor that the terms and conditions of the contract have been met.
• Acceptance Tests. Tests performed on behalf of or by the purchaser at the time of delivery to determine compliance with the specifications for the fire apparatus.
• Access Ladder. One or more rungs (of any shape) for climbing that have a degree of inclination between 60 and 90 degrees.
• Active Horizontal Angles of Light Emission. The angles, measured in a horizontal plane passing through the optical center of the optical source, as specified by the manufacturer of the optical device, between which the optical source contrib­utes optical power.
• Aerial Device. An aerial ladder, elevating platform, or water tower that is designed to position personnel, handle materials, provide continuous egress, or discharge water.
• Aerial Fire Apparatus. A vehicle equipped with an aerial ladder, elevating platform, or water tower that is designed and equipped to support fire fighting and rescue operations by positioning personnel, handling materials, providing continu­ous egress, or discharging water at positions elevated from the ground.
• Aerial Ladder. A self-supporting, turntable-mounted, power-operated ladder of two or more sections permanendy attached to a self-propelled automotive fire apparatus and designed to provide a continuous egress route from an elevated position to the ground.
• Air Control Panel. A consolidated arrangement of valves, regulators, gauges, and air system piping at a location that allows the operator to monitor and control the airflow and pressure within the air system from a centralized location.
• Air Quality Monitors. Electronic instruments that moni­tor the air for such elements as carbon monoxide levels and moisture levels and that are capable of sending a signal to auto­matically shut down the air system.

3.3.10* Air Tank. A storage vessel meeting the requirements of either U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) or Ameri­can Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and used to store an accumulation of air under pressure.

• Angle of Approach. The smallest angle made between the road surface and a line drawn from the front point of ground contact of the front tire to any projection of the appa­ratus in front of the front axle.
• Angle of Departure. The smallest angle made between the road surface and a line drawn from the rear point of ground contact of the rear tire to any projection of the appara­tus behind the rear axle.
• Articulating Boom. An aerial device consisting of two or more folding boom sections whose extension and retraction modes are accomplished by adjusting the angle of the knuckle joints.
• ASME Pressure Vessel. A pressure vessel used for the storage or accumulation of air or gas under pressure that is constructed and tested in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
• Authorized Person. A person approved or assigned to perform specific types of duties or to be at a specific location at the job site.
• Automatic Electrical Load Management System. A

device that continuously monitors the electrical system voltage and automatically sheds predetermined loads in a selected order to prevent overdischarging of the apparatus’ batteries.

• Auxiliary Braking System. A braking system in addition to the service brakes, such as an engine retarder, transmission retarder, driveline retarder, or exhaust retarder.
• Auxiliary Hydraulic Power. A small gasoline engine, diesel engine, or electric motor-driven hydraulic pump used to operate an aerial device in an emergency or in lieu of the main hydraulic system.
• Auxiliary Pump. A water pump mounted on the fire apparatus in addition to a fire pump and used for fire fighting either in conjunction with or independent of the fire pump.
• Back-Up Alarm. An audible device designed to warn that the fire apparatus is in reverse gear.
• Base Rail. The lower chord (rail) of an aerial ladder to which rungs and reinforcements are attached.
• Base Section. The first or bottom section of an aerial device.
• Bonded (Bonding). Connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity.
• An assembled section of an aerial device. The boom construction can be of the stressed skin box beam-type, the trussed lattice-type, or the open “U” truss-type design.
• Booster Pump. See 3.3.19, Auxiliary Pump.
• Booster Supplied Air System. A system that is capable of increasing air pressure from an air storage system or a compressor system.
• Breathing Air System. The complete assembly of equip­ment such as compressors, a purification system, pressure regu­lators, safety devices, manifolds, air tanks or receivers, and interconnected piping required to deliver breathing air.
• Bubble (Foam). A thin-walled, roughly spherical film of liquid inflated with air.
• Bulk Air System. A method of piping air tanks together to allow air to be supplied to an air system or SCBA fill station, using one or more tanks where all tanks are used simultane­ously and are at the same pressure.
• Burst Pressure. The pressure at which a hydraulic component fails due to stresses induced as a result of the pres­sure.
• Carbon Monoxide Monitor. A monitoring device that samples a purified air stream for trace elements of carbon monoxide (CO).
• Cascade System. A method of piping air tanks together to allow air to be supplied to the SCBA fill station using a progressive selection of tanks each with a higher pressure level.
• Center of Gravity. The point at which the entire weight of the fire apparatus is considered to be concentrated so that, if supported at this point, the apparatus would remain in equili­brium in any position.
• The basic operating motor vehicle including the engine, frame, and other essential structural and mechani­cal parts, but exclusive of the body and all appurtenances for the accommodation of driver, property, passengers, appliances, or equipment related to other than control. Common usage might, but need not, include a cab (or cowl).
• Class A Foam. Foam for use on fires in Class A fuels.
• Class A Fuel. Materials such as vegetation, wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and some plastics in which combustion can occur at or below the surface of the material.
• Class B Fire. A fire in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases.
• Class B Foam. Foam intended for use on Class B fires.
• Combination Vehicle. A vehicle consisting of a towing vehicle and one or more towed units.
• Command and Communications Apparatus. A fire apparatus used primarily for communications and incident command.

3.3.41* Compound Gauge. A gauge that indicates pressure both above and below atmospheric pressure.

3.3.42* Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS). A foam system that combines air under pressure with foam solution to create foam.

• Compressed Breathing Air. A respirable gas mixture derived from either normal atmospheric air or from manufac­tured synthetic air, stored in a compressed state in storage cylinders and respirator breathing air cylinders, and supplied to the user in gaseous form. [1989, 20131
• Continuous Duty. Operation at a substantially constant load for an indefinitely long time.
• Continuous Egress. A continuous exit or rescue path down an aerial device from an elevated position to the ground.

3.3.46* Contractor. The person or company responsible for fulfilling an agreed upon contract.

• Convenient Reach. The ability of the operator to manipulate the controls from a driving/riding position without excessive movement away from the seat back or without exces­sive loss of eye contact with the roadway.
• Curb Weight. The total weight of the complete vehicle less the payload.
• Dead Load. The weight of the aerial device structure and all materials, components, mechanisms, or equipment permanendy fastened thereto.
• A discontinuity in a part or a failure to func­tion that interferes with the service or reliability for which the part was intended.
• Discharge Outlet Size. The nominal size of the first fire hose connection from the pump on a discharge.
• Any data or information supplied by the manufacturer or contractor relative to the apparatus, including information on its operation, service, and mainte­nance.
• DOT Cylinder. A pressure vessel constructed and tested in accordance with Title 49 CFR 178.37 that is used for the storage and transportation of air under pressure.
• Drain Time (Foam). The time period it takes for a specified percent of the total solution contained in the foam to revert to liquid and to drain out of the bubble structure.
• Dry Location. A location not normally exposed to moisture such as in the interior of the driving or crew compart­ment, the interior of a fully enclosed walk-in fire apparatus body, or a watertight compartment opened only for mainte­nance operations.
• Dump Valve. A large opening from the water tank of a mobile water supply apparatus for unloading purposes.

3.3.57* Eductor. A device placed in a hose line or a discharge pipe that incorporates a venturi and proportions foam concen­trate or other fire fighting agents into the water stream.

3.3.58* Electric Siren (Electromechanical). An audible warn­ing device that produces sound by the use of an electric motor with an attached rotating slotted or perforated disc.

3.3.59 Electrical Equipment. See 3.3.68, Fixed Electrical Equipment, and 3.3.134, Portable Electrical Equipment.

3.3.60* Electronic Siren. An audible warning device that produces sound electronically through the use of amplifiers and electromagnetic speakers.

• Elevating Platform. A self-supporting, turntable- mounted device consisting of a personnel-carrying platform attached to the uppermost boom of a series of power-operated booms that articulate, telescope, or both and that are some­times arranged to provide the continuous egress capabilities of an aerial ladder.
• Enclosed Compartment. An area designed to protect stored items from environmental damage (weather resistant) that is confined on six sides and equipped with an access open­ing^) that can be closed and latched.
• Estimated In-Service Weight. The amount that the fire apparatus manufacturer estimates the apparatus will weigh when it is placed in service with all fixed and portable equip­ment installed, all tanks full, and all personnel seating positions occupied.
• Expansion Ratio. The ratio of the volume of foam in its aerated state to the original volume of nonaerated foam solution.
• A nonsheltered location exposed to the envi­ronment, either continuously or intermittently.
• Eire Apparatus. A vehicle designed to be used under emergency conditions to transport personnel and equipment or to support the suppression of fires or mitigation of other hazardous situations.
• Eire Pump. A water pump with a rated capacity of at least 250 gpm (1000 L/min) but less than 3000 gpm (12,000 L/min) at 150 psi (1000 kPa) net pump pressure, or a water pump with rated capacity of 3000 gpm (12,000 L/min) or greater at 100 psi (700 kPa) net pump pressure that is mounted on a fire apparatus and intended for fire fighting.
• Fixed Electrical Equipment. Any electrical equipment that is not removable without the use of tools or is hard wired to the vehicle’s electrical system.
• Fixed Power Source. Any line voltage power source except a portable generator.
• Fly Section. Any section of an aerial telescoping device beyond the base section.
• Abbreviation for Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Regulations promulgated by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States under Public Law 89-563, which are mandatory and must be complied with when motor vehicles or items of motor vehi­cle equipment are manufactured and certified thereto.
• An aerated fire-extinguishing solution created by mixing air into foam solution to form bubbles.
• Foam Concentrate. Foam fire-fighting agent as received from the manufacturer that must be diluted with water to make foam solution.
• Foam Proportioned A device or method to add foam concentrate to water to make foam solution.
• Foam Proportioning System. The apparatus and tech­niques used to mix concentrate with water to make foam solu­tion.
• Foam Solution. A homogeneous mixture of water and foam concentrate in the proper proportions.
• Fully Enclosed Personnel Area. A driver or passenger compartment on the fire apparatus that provides total enclo­sure on all sides, top, and bottom and has positive latching on all access doors.
• United States gallon.
• A visual device that indicates a measurement.
• Gauge Pressure. Pressure measured by an instrument where the pressure indicated is relative to atmospheric pres­sure.

3.3.81* GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating). The final stage manufacturer’s specified maximum load-carrying capacity of an axle system, as measured at the tire-ground interfaces.

3.3.82* GCWR (Gross Combination Weight Rating). The

final stage manufacturer’s specified maximum loaded weight for a combination (articulated) vehicle consisting of a tow vehi­cle and one or more towed units.

3.3.83 Generator. An electromechanical device for the production of electricity.

3.3.84* Grade. A measurement of the angle used in road design and expressed as a percentage of elevation change over distance.

3.3.85 Ground Clearance. The vertical distance from the vehi­cle component to the ground.

3.3.86* Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI). A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to deenergize a circuit or portion thereof within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds the values established for a Class A device

3.3.87 Grounding Conductor. A non-current-carrying conductor used to connect equipment or the ground circuit of a wiring system to the power source grounding system.

3.3.88* GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating). The final-stage manufacturer’s specified maximum load-carrying capacity of a single vehicle.

• Hazardous Material Response Fire Apparatus. An

emergency vehicle designed to carry various support equip­ment and personnel to a scene of a hazardous material inci­dent.

• High-Idle Speed Control. A control or switch system that provides a means to increase the engine operating speed from an idle condition to a higher preset operating speed.
• Hydrodynamic Test. A test performed by operating a fire pump to develop pump discharge pressure to pressurize the pump discharge structure and connected discharge piping and valves to a prescribed value while the intake piping, intake valves, and intake structure of the pump are not subjected to the prescribed pump discharge pressure.
• Hydrostatic Test. A test performed by filling pressure- containing components completely with water or other incom­pressible fluid while expelling all contained air, closing or capping all open ports of the pressure-containing components, and then raising and maintaining the contained pressure to pressurize the pressure-containing components to a prescribed value through an externally supplied pressure-generating device.
• Initial Attack Apparatus. Fire apparatus with a fire pump of at least 250 gpm (1000 L/min) capacity, water tank, and hose body whose primary purpose is to initiate a fire suppression attack on structural, vehicular, or vegetation fires, and to support associated fire department operations.
• In-Service Weight. The maximum actual vehicle weight under any conditions of mobile operation, sometimes referred to as gross vehicle weight.
• A condition of a mobile unit in which the sum of the moments tending to overturn the unit exceeds the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning.
• Instruction Plate. A visual indication whether in picto­rial or word format that provides instruction to the operator in the use of a component on the apparatus.
• Intake Connection Size. The nominal size of the first fire hose connection from the pump on an intake.
• Intake Relief Valve. A relief valve piped to the intake manifold of a pump and designed to automatically relieve excessive pressure from the incoming flow of water by discharg­ing water to the environment.
• A sheltered location not exposed to the envi­ronment.
• A device or arrangement by means of which the functioning of one part is controlled by the function­ing of another.
• A point of connection between upper and lower booms of an articulating device; the point at which lower and upper booms are hinged together.
• A visual indication whether in pictorial or word format that provides for the identification of a control, switch, indicator, or gauge, or the display of information useful to the operator.
• Ladder Section. A structural member normally of an open “U” truss-type design that includes the rungs and compri­ses the base or fly section of an aerial ladder.
• Line Voltage Circuit, Equipment, or System. An ac or

dc electrical circuit, equipment, or system where the voltage to ground or from line to line is greater than 30 V rms (ac), 42.4 V peak (ac), or 60 V dc.

• Line Voltage Conductor. An ungrounded current- carrying conductor of a line voltage circuit.
• Live Load. Forces acting on the aerial device from personnel, portable equipment, water, and nozzle reaction.
• Load Limit Indicator. A load indicator or a label, visi­ble at the operator’s position, that shows the recommended safe load at any condition of an aerial device’s elevation and extension.
• Low Voltage Circuit, Equipment, or System. An elec­trical circuit, equipment, or system where the voltage does not exceed 30 V rms (ac), 42.4 V peak (ac), or 60 V dc; usually 12 V dc in fire apparatus.
• The entity responsible for the assembly of a finished product from materials or components.
• Maximum Discharge Pressure Capability Rating. The

maximum permissible discharge gauge pressure at which the fire pump can be operated.

3.3.111* Maximum Pump Close-Off Pressure. The maxi­mum pump discharge pressure obtained with all discharge outlets closed, with the pump primed and running, with the pump drive engine operating at maximum obtainable speed, and with the pump intake pressure at atmospheric pressure or less.

• Minimum Continuous Electrical Load. The electrical current required to continuously operate a defined set of elec­trical devices.
• Miscellaneous Equipment. Portable tools and equip­ment carried on a fire apparatus not including suction hose, fire hose, ground ladders, fixed power sources, hose reels, cord reels, breathing air systems, or other major equipment or components permanendy mounted on the apparatus.
• Miscellaneous Equipment Allowance. That portion of the GVWR or GCWR allocated for the weight of the miscellane­ous equipment and its mounting brackets, boards, or trays.
• Mobile Foam Fire Apparatus. Fire apparatus with a permanendy mounted fire pump, foam proportioning system, and foam concentrate tank(s) whose primary purpose is the control and extinguishment of flammable and combustible liquid fires in storage tanks and spills.
• Mobile Water Supply Apparatus (Tanker, Tender). A

vehicle designed primarily for transporting (pickup, transport­ing, and delivering) water to fire emergency scenes to be applied by other vehicles or pumping equipment.

• Momentary Switch. A switch that returns to the neutral position (off) when released.
• Multiple Configuration. Variable configurations or positions of the aerial device (e.g., elevation, extension) in which a manufacturer’s different rated load capacities are allowed.
• National Hose Thread (NH). A standard screw thread that has dimensions for inside (female) and outside (male) fire hose connections as defined in NFPA 1963.

3.3.120* Net Pump Pressure. The sum of the discharge pres­sure and the suction lift converted to psi or kPa when pumping at draft, or the difference between the discharge pressure and the intake pressure when pumping from a hydrant or other source of water under positive pressure.

3.3.121 Neutral Conductor. The conductor connected to the neutral point of a system that is intended to carry current under normal conditions.

3.3.122* Neutral Point. The common point on a wye- connection in a polyphase system or midpoint on a single- phase, 3-wire system, or midpoint of a single-phase portion of a 3-phase delta system, or midpoint of a 3-wire, direct current system.

3.3.123 Nozzle Reaction. Force that occurs when a water stream is discharged from the nozzle.

• Operator’s Panel. A panel containing gauges, switches, instruments, or controls where an operator can visu­ally monitor the applicable functions.
• Optical Center. The point specified by the optical warning device manufacturer of highest intensity when measur­ing the output of an optical warning device.
• Optical Element. Any individual lamp or other light emitter within an optical source.
• Optical Power. A unit of measure designated as candela-seconds/minute that combines the flash energy and flash rate of an optical source into one power measurement representing the true visual effectiveness of the emitted light.

3.3.128* Optical Source. Any single, independently moun­ted, light-emitting component in a lighting system.

• Optical Warning Device. A manufactured assembly of one or more optical sources.
• A system or device used to neutralize a given action or motion.
• Override (Aerial Device). The takeover of all aerial device movement control functions by an operator at a second control station.
• A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, including buses and automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall, partition, or other support; and accessible only from the front. [70:1001
• Personal Gear. The weight of personal clothing and items for personal hygiene carried on the fire apparatus by each crew member when they expect the response to be of long duration.
• Portable Electrical Equipment. Any electrical equip­ment that is not fixed. (See 3.3.68, Fixed Electrical Equipment.)

3.3.135* Portable Generator. A mechanically driven power source that can be removed from the fire apparatus and oper­ated at a location that is remote from the fire apparatus.

• Power Source. A device that produces line voltage electricity.
• Power Supply Assembly. Any cord or distribution assembly that is partly comprised of the neutral conductor, grounding conductor, and line voltage conductors connected from the output terminals of the power source to the first main overcurrent protection device.
• Powered Equipment Rack. A power-operated device that is intended to provide storage of suction hoses, ground ladders, or other equipment, generally in a location above apparatus compartments.

3.3.139* Preconnected Hose Line. A hose line that is stored on the apparatus already connected to an outlet on a pump and that can be charged by the activation of one discharge valve.

3.3.140 Proper(ly). In accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications or as recommended by the manufacturer.

• Pounds per square inch.
• Power takeoff.
• Pump Discharge Pressure Classification.
• High Pressure. Pump discharge pressure from 500 psi (3500 kPa) to less than 1100 psi (7600 kPa).
• Normal Pressure. Pump discharge pressure less than 500 psi (3500 kPa).
• Ultra-High Pressure. Pump discharge pressure of 1100 psi (7600 kPa) or greater.
• Pump Operator’s Panel. The area on a fire apparatus that contains the gauges, controls, and other instruments used for operating the pump.
• Pump Operator’s Position. The location from which the pump operator operates the pump.
• Fire apparatus with a permanendy mounted fire pump of at least 750 gpm (3000 L/min) capacity, water tank, and hose body whose primary purpose is to combat struc­tural and associated fires.
• The authority having responsibility for the specification and acceptance of the apparatus.
• Purchasing Authority. The agency that has the sole responsibility and authority for negotiating, placing, and, where necessary, modifying each and every solicitation, purchase order, or other award issued by a governing body.
• Purification System. A combination of mechanical, chemical, and physical devices such as separators, filters, adsorbents, and catalysts designed to remove or alter contami­nants within the compressed air stream to produce effluent air that is breathable.
• Qualified Person. A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill, and who, by virtue of education, training, experience, or other special attributes, possesses expertise regarding a particular subject matter, work, or project.

3.3.151* Quint. Fire apparatus with a permanendy mounted fire pump, a water tank, a hose storage area, an aerial ladder or elevating platform with a permanendy mounted waterway, and a complement of ground ladders.

• Ramp Breakover Angle. The angle measured between two lines tangent to the front and rear tire static loaded radius, and intersecting at a point on the underside of the vehicle that defines the largest ramp over which the vehicle can roll.
• Rated Capacity (Aerial Device). The total amount of weight of all personnel and equipment that can be supported at the outermost rung of an aerial ladder or on the platform of an elevating platform with the aerial device placed in the hori­zontal position at its maximum horizontal extension when the stabilizers are fully deployed.
• Rated Capacity (Water Pump). The flow rate to which the pump manufacturer certifies compliance of the pump when it is new.
• Readily Accessible. Able to be located, reached, sen- iced, or removed without removing other components or parts of the apparatus and without the need to use special tools to open enclosures.
• Rear Axle Track Width. The lateral distance between the centerlines of the tires at ground; if there are dual rear wheels, the lateral distance from the midway points between the inner and outer tires at ground.
• Removable Winch. A winch with quick disconnects for power and controls that can be temporarily mounted on the apparatus at a permanendy installed mounting receiver.
• Reserve Capacity. The ability of a battery to sustain a minimum electrical load in the event of a charging system fail­ure or a prolonged charging system deficit.
• Road Spray Location. Any underbody or underchassis location that is subject to road spray.
• SCBA Fill Hose. Flexible hose plumbed to connect SCBA cylinders to the compressed air supply for filling purpo­ses.
• SCBA Fill Station. A containment enclosure for refill­ing self-contained breathing cylinders to guard personnel from fragments due to accidental cylinder rupture.
• A visual indication whether in pictorial or word format that provides a warning to the operator or other persons near the apparatus.
• Slow-Operating Valve. A valve that has a mechanism to prevent movement of the flow-regulating element from the fully closed position to the fully opened position or vice versa in less than 3 seconds.

3.3.164* Special Services Fire Apparatus. A multipurpose vehicle that primarily provides support services at emergency scenes.

• Split Shaft PTO. A power takeoff (PTO) drive system that is inserted between the chassis transmission and the chassis drive axle and that has the shift mechanism necessary to direct the chassis engine power either to the drive axle or to a fire pump or other accessory.
• A device integral with or separately attached to the chassis of a fire apparatus with an aerial device that is used to increase the moments tending to resist overturn­ing the apparatus.
• Stabilizer Pad. A plate inserted beneath a stabilizer shoe to give greater surface bearing area.
• Stabilizer Shoe. A permanently mounted shoe on a stabilizer to provide a ground surface area.

3.3.169* Standard Cubic Feet per Minute (SCFM). An

expression of airflow rate in which the airflow rate is corrected to standard temperature and pressure. Standard temperature is GOT (15°C) and standard pressure is 14.696 psi (101.33 kPa) or 29.92 in. Hg (760 mm Hg).

• Suction Hose. A hose that is designed to prevent collapse under vacuum conditions so that it can be used for drafting water from below the pump (lakes, rivers, wells, etc.).
• Suction Lift. The sum of the vertical lift and the fric­tion and entrance loss caused by the flow through the intake strainers and hose expressed in feet of water (meters of water) head.
• A recessed area of a tank assembly designed primarily to entrap sludge or debris for removal and to serve as a central liquid collection point.
• Supply Hose. Hose designed for the purpose of moving water between a pressurized water source and a pump that is supplying attack lines.
• Swash Partition. A vertical wall within a tank structure designed to control the unwanted movement of the fluid within that tank.
• Any set of contacts that interrupts or controls current flow through an electrical circuit.
• Synthetic Breathing Air. A manufactured breathing air that is produced by blending nitrogen and oxygen. [1989, 2013]
• Top Rail. The top chord (rail) of an aerial ladder to which reinforcements are attached.
• Total Continuous Electrical Load. The total current required to operate all of the devices permanendy connected to the apparatus that can be simultaneously energized exclud­ing intermittent-type loads such as primers and booster reel rewind motors.
• Tow Vehicle. A motor vehicle used to tow a trailer under emergency response conditions whether the tow vehi­cle-trailer combination is designed to remain together as a single unit or to be separated at the incident to allow the trailer to be used independently of the tow vehicle.
• A vehicle designed to be pulled by a tow vehi­cle and used to transport equipment or other vehicles under emergency response conditions.

3.3.181* Turning Clearance Radius. One-half the larger of the left or right full circle wall-to-wall turning diameter.

3.3.182* Turntable. A structural component that connects the aerial device to the chassis and stabilization system through a rotating bearing that permits 360-degree continuous rotation of the aerial device.

3.3.183 Turntable Alignment Indicator. An indicator that facilitates alignment of the aerial device with the boom support for bedding purposes.

3.3.184* Type 4 Rating. A rating for electrical equipment that is intended for outdoor use because it provides a degree of protection from falling rain, splashing water, and hose-directed water.

• Ultimate Strength. The strength of a material in tension, compression, or shear, respectively, that is the maxi­mum tensile, compressive, or shear stress that the material can sustain, calculated on the basis of the ultimate load and the original or unrestrained dimensions.
• Unequipped Fire Apparatus. The completed fire apparatus excluding personnel, agent(s), and any equipment removable without the use of tools.
• Utility Air. Air used for purposes other than human respiration.
• Vibration Isolation. Isolation materials used to prevent structure-borne vibrations from reaching attached surfaces.
• Water Tower. An aerial device consisting of perma- nendy mounted power-operated booms that articulate, tele­scope, or both, and a waterway designed to supply a large capacity mobile elevated water stream.
• Wet Location. A location on fire apparatus subject to saturation with water or other liquids and in unprotected loca­tions exposed to the weather. (See also 3.3.159, Road Spray Loca­tion.)
• Yield Strength. The stress at which a material exhibits a specified permanent deformation or set.

Chapter 4 General Requirements

•  
• All fire apparatus shall comply with the following chap­ters:
  • Chapter 1, “Administration”
  • Chapter 2, “Referenced Publications”
  • Chapter 3, “Definitions”
  • Chapter 4, “General Requirements”
  • Chapter 12, “Chassis and Vehicle Components”
  • Chapter 13, “Low Voltage Electrical Systems and Warning Devices”
  • Chapter 14, “Driving and Crew Areas”
  • Chapter 15, “Body, Compartments, and Equipment Mounting”
• If a tow vehicle is to respond while calling for right-of way under emergency conditions, it shall meet the require­ments of 4.1.1.
• Requirements by Apparatus Type.
• In addition to the requirements in Section 4.1, the following also shall apply:
  • Pumper fire apparatus shall comply with Chapter 5.
  • Initial attack fire apparatus shall comply with Chapter 6.
  • Mobile water supply fire apparatus shall comply with Chapter 7.
  • Aerial fire apparatus shall comply with Chapter 8.
  • Quint fire apparatus shall comply with Chapter 9.
  • Special service fire apparatus shall comply with Chap­ter 10.
  • Mobile foam fire apparatus shall comply with Chapter 11.
• Table 4.2.2 shows the required chapters that shall apply to the construction of the types of fire apparatus in 4.2.1.
• In addition to the types of fire apparatus listed in 4.2.1, other types of fire apparatus shall be permitted by combining the requirements for the components to be used in the appara­tus as defined in Section 4.5 with the requirements listed in Section 4.1.
• Responsibility of the Purchaser.

4.3.1* It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify the details of the apparatusin addition to the requirements in NFPA 1901 needed by the manufacturer to build the apparatus, including:

• Requirements not uniquely specified in NFPA 1901, such as the type of apparatus desired.
• Any features of the apparatus desired in addition to, or in excess of, the requirements in NFPA 1901.

4.3.2 After acceptance of the fire apparatus, the purchaser shall be responsible for ongoing training of personnel to develop and maintain proficiency regarding the proper and safe use of the apparatus and the associated equipment.

• Responsibility of the Contractor.
• The contractor shall provide a detailed description of the apparatus, a list of equipment to be furnished, and other construction and performance details to which the apparatus shall conform.
• The detailed description of the apparatus shall include, but shall not be limited to, estimated in-service weight, wheelbase, turning clearance radius, principal dimensions, angle of approach, angle of departure, transmission, axle ratios, and, if applicable, the rated capacity of the aerial device.
• The contractor’s detailed description shall include a statement specifically describing each aspect of the delivered apparatus that will not be fully compliant with the require­ments of this standard.
• The purpose of these contractor specifications shall be to define what the contractor intends to furnish and deliver to the purchaser.
• Responsibility for the apparatus and equipment shall remain with the contractor until they are accepted by the purchaser.
• Fire Apparatus Components. All components shall be installed in accordance with the applicable manufacturer’s installation instructions.
• Legal Requirements. The apparatus shall comply with all applicable federal and state or provincial laws and regulations.
• Third-Party Certification of Test Results. Where this standard requires the results of tests to be certified by an inde­pendent third-party certification organization, that organiza­tion shall meet the requirements of this section.
• All certification shall be performed by a certification organization that is accredited for inspection and testing systems on fire apparatus in accordance with ISO/IEC 17020,

General criteria for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection, or ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity Assessment: Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services.

• The certification organization shall not be owned or controlled by manufacturers or vendors of the product that is being tested.
• The certification organization shall be primarily engaged in certification work and shall not have a monetary interest in the product’s ultimate profitability.

4.7.4* The independent third-party organization shall witness all required tests by an in-person representative(s) at the test site or by use of verifiable automated data collection and image recording equipment. The third-party organization shall refuse to certify any test results for a system if all components of that system requiring testing do not pass the testing required by this standard.

4.7.5 There shall be no conditional, temporary, or partial certification of test results.

4.7.6* Forms or data sheets shall be provided and used during the testing.

• Programs shall be in place for training, proficiency test­ing, and performance verification of any staff involved with certification.
• The certification organization’s operating procedures shall provide a mechanism for the manufacturer to appeal deci­sions. The procedures shall include provisions for the presenta­tion of information from representatives of both sides of a controversy to a designated appeals panel.
• Manufacturer Certification of Test Results. Where this standard requires the results of tests or the performance of a component to be certified by the manufacturer, the manufac­turer shall meet the requirements of this section.
• A representative of the manufacturer shall witness all tests and shall refuse to certify any test results for a system unless all components of that system requiring testing pass the testing required by this standard.
• There shall be no conditional, temporary, or partial certification of test results.
• The manufacturer shall have the facilities and equip­ment necessary to conduct the required testing, a program for the calibration of all instruments, and procedures to ensure the proper control of all testing.

4.8.4* Forms or data sheets shall be provided and used during the testing.

• Programs shall be in place for training, proficiency test­ing, and performance verification of any personnel involved with certification.
• An official of the company that manufactures or installs the product shall designate in writing who is qualified to witness tests and certify results.
• Certification documentation shall be delivered with the apparatus, including results of the certification tests.
• Personnel Protection.

4.9.1* Guards, shields, or other protection shall be provided where necessary in order to prevent injury of personnel by hot, moving, or rotating parts during nonmaintenance operations.

• Electrical insulation or isolation shall be provided where necessary in order to prevent electrical shock from onboard electrical systems.
• Vehicular workmanship shall ensure an operating envi­ronment free of accessible sharp projections and edges.

4.9.4* Safety signs with text shall conform to the general prin­ciples of ANSI/NEMA Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels. Safety signs without text shall conform to the general principles for two-panel safety signs of ISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery — Machine safety labels — General principles.

4.9.4.1 Apparatus built for sale in the United States shall employ safety signage that complies with ANSI/NEMA Z535.4.

4.9.4.2 Apparatus built for sale outside the United States shall employ safety signage that complies with either ANSI/NEMA Z535.4 or ISO 9244.

4.9.4.3* Safety signs referenced in this standard beginning with the letters FAMA shall conform to the text and graphics of the referenced safety sign number found in FAMA TC010,

Standard Product Safety Sign Catalog for Automotive Fire Apparatus.

• Controls and Instructions.

4.10.1* Illumination shall be provided for controls, switches, instruction plates, labels, gauges, and instruments necessary for the operation of the apparatus and the equipment provided on it.

• If external illumination is provided, it shall be a mini­mum of 5 fc (50 lx) on the face of the device.
• If internal illumination is provided, it shall be a mini­mum of 4 fl (14 cd/m²).

4.10.2* All required signs, instruction plates, and labels shall be permanent in nature and securely attached and shall meet the requirements of 4.9.4 and ANSI/UL 969, Standard for Mark­ing and Labeling Systems.

• The signs, instruction plates, and labels shall have resistance to damage from temperatures between -30°F and 176°F (-35°C and 80°C) and exposure to oil, fuel, water, hydraulic fluids, or other fluids used on the apparatus.
• The exterior mounted labels relating to safety or criti­cal operational instructions shall be reflective or illuminated as required by 4.10.1.
• The centerline of any gauge or visual display required by this standard shall be no more than 84 in. (2130 mm) above the level where the operator stands to read the instrument.
• The central midpoint or centerline of any control shall be no more than 72 in. (1830 mm) vertically above the ground (with vehicle at in-service weight) or the platform that is designed to serve as the operator’s standing position.
• Controls Labeling. Where controls will be labeled using graphical symbols, they shall conform to the common graphical symbols found in FAMA TC008, Graphical Symbols for Automotive Fire Apparatus.
• Vehicle Data Recorder.
• All apparatus shall be equipped with an on-board vehi­cle data recorder (VDR).
• The VDR shall be capable of recording the data shown in Table 4.11.2 in that order at least once per second.
• Data shall be stored at the sampling rate in a 48-hour loop.
• Memory shall be sufficient to record 100 engine hours’ worth of minute-by-minute summary showing the data in Table 4.11.4.
• When the memory capacity is reached, the system shall erase the oldest data first.
• All data stored in the VDR shall be uploadable by the user to a computer and importable into a data management software package.

4.13.3 Load Distribution.

4.13.3.1* The apparatus manufacturer shall calculate the load distribution for the apparatus, and that load distribution plan shall be delivered with the fire apparatus.

4.13.3.2 The manufacturer shall engineer the fire apparatus to comply with the gross axle weight ratings (GAWR), the over­all gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), and the chassis manu­facturer’s load balance guidelines.

4.13.3.3* The fire apparatus, when loaded to its estimated in- service weight, shall have a side-to-side tire load variation of no more than 7 percent of the total tire load for that axle.

4.13.4* Each tire shall be equipped with a visual indicator or monitoring system that indicates tire pressure.

• Fire Apparatus Performance.

4.14.1* The fire apparatus shall meet the requirements of this standard at elevations of 2000 ft (600 m) above sea level.

4.14.2* The fire apparatus shall meet all the requirements of this standard while stationary on a grade of 6 percent in any direction.

4.14.3* The fire apparatus shall meet the requirements of this standard in ambient temperature conditions between 32°F (0°C) and 110°F (43°C).

• Highway Performance.
• The apparatus, when loaded to its estimated in-service weight, shall be capable of the following performance while on dry, paved roads that are in good condition:
  • Accelerating from 0 to 35 mph (55 km/hr) within 25 seconds on a 0 percent grade
  • * Attaining a speed of 50 mph (80 km/hr) on a 0 percent grade
  • * Maintaining a speed of at least 20 mph (32 km/hr) on any grade up to and including 6 percent

4.15.2* The maximum top speed of fire apparatus with a GVWR over 26,000 lb (11,800 kg) shall not exceed either 68 mph (109 km/hr) or the manufacturer’s maximum fire serv­ice speed rating for the tires installed on the apparatus, which­ever is lower.

4.15.3 If the combined water tank and foam agent tank capacities on the fire apparatus exceed 1250 gal (4732 L), or the GVWR of the vehicle is over 50,000 lb (22,680 kg), the maximum top speed of the apparatus shall not exceed either 60 mph (95 km/hr) or the manufacturer’s maximum fire serv­ice speed rating for the tires installed on the apparatus, which­ever is lower.

4.16.1* The fire apparatus shall be designed so that all the manufacturer’s recommended routine maintenance checks of lubricant and fluid levels can be performed by the operator without lifting the cab of a tilt-cab apparatus and without the need for hand tools.

• Where special tools are required for routine service on any component of the apparatus, such tools shall be provided with the apparatus.
• Apparatus components that interfere with repair or removal of other major components shall be attached with fasteners, such as cap screws and nuts, so that the components can be removed and installed with ordinary hand tools. These components shall not be welded or otherwise permanendy secured into place.
• General Pre-Delivery Tests.
• Each apparatus shall be tested by the manufacturer before delivery to verify that it meets the criteria in this section.
• Tests shall be conducted at a location and in a manner that does not violate local, state or provincial, or federal traffic laws.
• Tests shall be conducted on a dry, level, paved surface that is free of loose material, oil, or grease.
• Tests shall be conducted with the water and foam tanks full (water or product).
• The apparatus shall accelerate from 0 to 35 mph (55 km/hr) within 25 seconds.
• The apparatus shall attain a speed of 50 mph (80 km/ hr).
• The auxiliary braking system, if so equipped, shall func­tion as intended by the auxiliary braking system manufacturer.

4.17.5* The air service brakes shall bring the apparatus to a complete stop from a speed of 20 mph (32.2 km/hr) in a distance not exceeding 35 ft (10.7 m).

4.17.6 The hydraulic service brakes shall bring the apparatus to a complete stop from a speed of 30 mph (48.2 km/hr) in a distance not exceeding 88 ft (26.8 m).

• Tests on Delivery.

4.18.1* If acceptance tests are required at the point of deliv­ery, the purchaser shall specify the details of the tests to be performed, and they shall not be performed in a manner that requires the apparatus or a component to operate outside its designed operating range.

• Aerial device stability tests shall not be run other than at the manufacturer’s facility.
• An official of the company that manufactures the appa­ratus and, if applicable, the aerial device shall designate in writ­ing who is qualified to provide operational instructions and apparatus familiarization to the final customer.
• Programs shall be in place for training, proficiency test­ing, and performance verification of the qualified person in 4.18.3
• The authority having jurisdiction shall appoint a person(s) to receive operational instructions and apparatus familiarization.
• Operational instructions shall be provided on new apparatus by the contractor in accordance with 4.18.6.1 through 4.18.6.2.

4.18.6.1 Review with the authorized person(s) as defined by the authority having jurisdiction all service, maintenance, operational, and instruction manuals, including the entire vehicle, chassis, major components, and auxiliary equipment provided.

• Written load analysis and results of the electrical system performance tests (see 13.14.1 and Section 13.15)
• Certification of slip resistance of all stepping, standing, and walking surfaces (see 15. 7.4.5)
• If the apparatus has a fire pump, the pump manufactur­er’s certification of suction capability (see 16.2.4.1)
• If the apparatus is equipped with a fire pump and special conditions are specified by the purchaser, the pump manufacturer’s certification of suction capacity under the special conditions (see 16.2.4.2)
• If the apparatus has a fire pump, a copy of the apparatus manufacturer’s approval for stationary pumping applica­tions (see 16.3.1)
• If the apparatus has a fire pump, the engine manufactur­er’s certified brake horsepower curve for the engine furnished, showing the maximum governed speed (see 16.3.2.2)
• If the apparatus has a fire pump, the pump manufactur­er’s certification of the hydrostatic test (see 16.5.2.2)
• If the apparatus has a fire pump with a maximum discharge pressure capability rating that exceeds the hydrostatic test pressure of 16.5.2.1, the pump manufac­turer’s certification of the hydrodynamic test
• If the apparatus has a fire pump, the certification of inspection and test for the fire pump (see 16.13.1.1.5 or 16.13.1.2.4 as applicable)
• If the apparatus is equipped with an auxiliary pump, the apparatus manufacturer’s certification of the hydrostatic test (see Section 113)
• When the apparatus is equipped with a water tank, the certification of water tank capacity (see Section 18.6)
• If the apparatus has an aerial device, the certification of inspection and test for the aerial device (see Section 19.24)
• If the apparatus has an aerial device, all the technical information required for inspections to comply with NFPA 1911
• If the apparatus has a foam proportioning system, the foam proportioning system manufacturer’s certification of accuracy (see 20.10.4.2) and the final installer’s certifi­cation the foam proportioning system meets this stand­ard (see 20.11.2)
• If the system has a CAFS, the documentation of the manufacturer’s predelivery tests (see Section 21.9)
• If the apparatus has a line voltage power source, the certification of the test for the power source (see 22.15.7.2)
• If the apparatus is equipped with an air system, air tank certificates (see 24.5.1.2), the SCBA fill station certifica­tion (see 24.9.6), and the results of the testing of the air system installation (see 24.14.5 and 24.15.4)
• Any other required manufacturer test data or reports

4.20.2 Operations and Service Documentation.

• The contractor shall deliver with the fire apparatus complete operation and service documentation covering the completed apparatus as delivered and accepted.
• The documentation shall address at least the inspec­tion, service, and operations of the fire apparatus and all major components thereof.
• The contractor shall also deliver with the fire appara­tus the following documentation for the entire apparatus and each major operating system or major component of the appa­ratus:
  • Manufacturer’s name and address
  • Coun try of manufacture
  • Source for service and technical information
  • Parts replacement information
  • Descriptions, specifications, and ratings of the chassis, pump (if applicable), and aerial device (if applicable)
  • Wiring diagrams for low-voltage and line-voltage systems to include the following information:
    • Pictorial representations of circuit logic for all elec­trical components and wiring
    • Circuit identification
    • Connector pin identification
    • Zone location of electrical components
    • Safety interlocks
    • Alternator-battery power distribution circuits
    • * Input/output assignment sheets or equivalent circuit logic implemented in multiplexing systems
  • Lubrication charts
  • Operating instructions for the chassis, any major compo­nents such as a pump or aerial device, and any auxiliary systems
  • Precautions related to multiple configurations of aerial devices, if applicable
  • Instructions regarding the frequency and procedure for recommended maintenance
  • Overall apparatus operating instructions
  • Safety considerations
  • Limitations of use
  • Inspection procedures
  • Recommended service procedures
  • Troubleshooting guide
  • Apparatus body, chassis, and other component manufac­turer’s warranties
  • Special data required by this standard
  • A material safety data sheet (MSDS) for any fluid that is specified for use on the apparatus
  • One copy of the latest edition of FAMA’s Fire Apparatus Safety Guide

4.20.2.4* The contractor shall deliver with the apparatus all manufacturers’ operations and service documents supplied with components and equipment that are installed or supplied by the contractor.

4.21* Statement of Exceptions. The final-stage manufacturer shall deliver with the fire apparatus either a certification that the apparatus fully complies with all requirements of this stand­ard or, alternatively, a Statement of Exceptions specifically describing each aspect of the completed apparatus that is not fully compliant with the requirements of this standard at the time of delivery.

4.21.1 The Statement of Exceptions shall contain, for each noncompliant aspect of the apparatus or missing required item, the following information:

• A separate specification of the section of the applicable standard for which compliance is lacking
• A description of the particular aspect of the apparatus that is not in compliance therewith or required equip­ment that is missing
• A description of the further changes or modifications to the delivered apparatus that must be completed to achieve full compliance

(4) Identification of the entity that will be responsible for making the necessary postdelivery changes or modifica­tions or for supplying and installing any missing required equipment to the apparatus to achieve full compliance with this standard

4.21.2 Prior to, or at the time of, delivery of the apparatus, the Statement of Exceptions shall be signed by an authorized agent of the entity responsible for final assembly of the apparatus and by an authorized agent of the purchasing entity, indicating mutual understanding and agreement between the parties regarding the substance thereof.

Chapter 5 Pumper Fire Apparatus

• If the apparatus is to function as a pumper, it shall meet the requirements of this chapter.
• Fire Pump. The apparatus shall be equipped with a fire pump that meets the requirements of Chapter 16 and that has a minimum rated capacity of 750 gpm (3000 L/min).
• Aerial Device.
• Where a pumper fire apparatus is equipped with an aerial device, the aerial device shall meet the requirements of Chapter 19.
• Provisions shall be made to ensure that the pump opera­tor is not in contact with the ground.
• Foam Proportioning System. If the pumper is equipped with a foam proportioning system, it shall meet the require­ments of Chapter 20.

5.5* Water Tank. The pumper shall be equipped with a water tank(s) that meets the requirements of Chapter 18 and that has a minimum certified capacity (combined, if applicable) of 300 gal (1100 L).

5.6* Equipment Storage. A minimum of 40 ft³ (1.1 m³) of

enclosed weather-resistant compartmentation that meets the requirements of Section 15.1 shall be provided for the storage of equipment.

5.7* Hose Storage. Hose bed area(s), compartments, or reels that comply with Section 15.10 shall be provided to accommo­date the following:

• A minimum hose storage area of 30 ft³ (0.8 m³) for 2’/₂ (65 mm) or larger fire hose
• Two areas, each a minimum of 3.5 ft³ (0.1 m³), to accom­modate l’/₂ (38 mm) or larger preconnected fire hose lines

5.8* Equipment Supplied by the Contractor. The contractor shall supply the equipment listed in 5.8.1 and 5.8.2 and shall provide and install such brackets or compartments as are neces­sary to mount the equipment.

5.8.1 Ground Ladders.

5.8.1.1 All fire department ground ladders carried on the apparatus shall meet the requirements of NFPA 1931, except as permitted by 5.8.1.3 and 5.8.1.4.

5.8.1.2* At a minimum, the following fire department ground ladders shall be carried on the apparatus:

(1) One straight ladder equipped with roof hooks

• One extension ladder
• One folding ladder

• Stepladders and other types of multipurpose ladders meeting ANSI A14.2, Ladders — Portable Metal — Safety Require­ments, or ANSI A 14.5, Ladders — Portable Reinforced Plastic — Safety Requirements, with duty ratings of Type 1A or 1AA shall be permitted to be substituted for the folding ladder required in 5.8.1.2(3).
• Stepladders and other types of multipurpose ladders shall be permitted to be carried in addition to the minimum fire department ground ladders specified in 5.8.1.2 provided they meet either ANSI A14.2 or ANSI A14.5 with duty ratings of Type 1A or 1AA.

5.8.2 Suction Hose or Supply Hose.

• A minimum of 20 ft (6 m) of suction hose or 15 ft (4.5 m) of supply hose shall be carried.
• Where suction hose is provided, a suction strainer shall be furnished.
• Where suction hose is provided, the friction and entrance loss of the combination suction hose and strainer shall not exceed the losses listed in Table 16.2.4.1(b) or Table 16.2.4.1(c).
• Where supply hose is provided, it shall have couplings compatible with the local hydrant outlet connection on one end and the pump intake connection on the other end.
• Suction hose and supply hose shall meet the require­ments of NFPA 1961.

5.8.2.3* The purchaser shall specify whether suction hose or supply hose is to be provided, the length and size of the hose, the type and size of the couplings, the manner in which the hose is to be carried on the apparatus, and the style of brackets desired.

5.9* Minor Equipment.

• The equipment listed in 5.9.3 and 5.9.4 shall be available on the pumper fire apparatus before the apparatus is placed in service.
• A detailed list of who is to furnish the items and the method for organizing and mounting these items shall be supplied by the purchasing authority.

5.9.3* Fire Hose and Nozzles. The following fire hose and nozzles shall be carried on the apparatus:

• 800 ft (240 m) of 214 in. (65 mm) or larger fire hose
• 400 ft (120 m) of I’/, in. (38 mm), \M in. (45 mm), or 2 in. (52 mm) fire hose
• One handline nozzle, 200 gpm (750 L/min) minimum
• Two handline nozzles, 95 gpm (360 L/min) minimum
• One smoothboreor combination nozzle with 2’/₂ shut- off that flows a minimum of 250 gpm

5.9.4* Miscellaneous Equipment. The following additional equipment shall be carried on the apparatus:

• One 6 lb (2.7 kg) flathead axe
• One 6 lb (2.7 kg) pickhead axe
• One 6 ft (2 m) pike pole or plaster hook
• One 8 ft (2.4 m) or longer pike pole
• Two portable hand lights
• One approved dry chemical portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 80-B:C rating
• One 24 gal (9.5 L) or larger water extinguisher
• One self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) comply­ing with NFPA 1981 for each assigned seating position, but not fewer than four, mounted in brackets fastened to the apparatus or stored in containers supplied by the SCBA manufacturer
• One spare SCBA cylinder for each SCBA carried, each mounted in a bracket fastened to the apparatus or stored in a specially designed storage space
• One first aid kit
• Four combination spanner wrenches
• Two hydrant wrenches
• One double female 2% in. (65 mm) adapter with National Hose (NH) threads
• One double male 214 in. (65 mm) adapter with NH threads
• One rubber mallet, suitable for use on suction hose connections
• Two salvage covers each a minimum size of 12 ft x 14 ft (3.7 m x 4.3 m)
• Two or more wheel chocks, mounted in readily accessi­ble locations, that together will hold the apparatus, when loaded to its GVWR or GCWR, on a hard surface with a 20 percent grade with the transmission in neutral and the parking brake released
• One traffic vest for each seating position, each vest to comply with ANSI/ISEA 207, Standard for High-Visibility Public Safety Vests, and have a five-point breakaway feature that includes two at the shoulders, two at the sides, and one at the front
• Five fluorescent orange traffic cones not less than 28 in. (711 mm) in height, each equipped with a 6 in. (152 mm) retroreflective white band no more than 4 in. (102 mm) from the top of the cone, and an additional 4 in. (102 mm) retroreflective white band 2 in. (51 mm) below the 6 in. (152 mm) band
• Five illuminated warning devices such as highway flares, unless the five fluorescent orange traffic cones have illu­minating capabilities
• One automatic external defibrillator (AED)

• If the supply hose carried does not use sexless couplings, an additional double female adapter and double male adapter, sized to fit the supply hose carried, shall be carried mounted in brackets fastened to the apparatus.
• If none of the pump intakes are valved, a hose appli­ance that is equipped with one or more gated intakes with female swivel connection(s) compatible with the supply hose used on one side and a swivel connection with pump intake threads on the other side shall be carried. Any intake connec­tion larger than 3 in. (75 mm) shall include a pressure relief device that meets the requirements of 16.6.6.
• If the pumper is equipped with an aerial device with a permanendy mounted ladder, four ladder belts meeting the requirements of NFPA 1983, shall be provided.
• If the apparatus does not have a 214 in. intake with NH threads, an adapter from 2/4 in. NH female to a pump intake shall be carried, mounted in a bracket fastened to the appara­tus if not already mounted direcdy to the intake.
• If the supply hose carried has other than 214 in. NH threads, adapters shall be carried to allow feeding the supply hose from a 214 in. NH thread male discharge and to allow the hose to connect to a 214 in. NH female intake, mounted in brackets fastened to the apparatus if not already mounted directly to the discharge or intake.

Chapter 6 Initial Attack Fire Apparatus

• If the apparatus is to function as an initial attack fire apparatus, it shall meet the requirements of this chapter.
• Fire Pump. The apparatus shall be equipped with a fire pump that meets the requirements of Chapter 16 and that has a minimum rated capacity of 250 gpm (1000 L/min).
• Aerial Device. (Reserved)
• Foam Proportioning System. If the initial attack apparatus is equipped with a foam proportioning system, it shall meet the requirements of Chapter 20.
• Water Tank. Initial attack apparatus shall be equipped with a water tank(s) that meets the requirements of Chapter 18 and that has a minimum certified capacity (combined, if appli­cable) of 200 gal (750 L).

6.6* Equipment Storage. A minimum of 22 ft³ (0.62 m³) of enclosed weather-resistant compartmentation that meets the requirements of Section 15.1 shall be provided for the storage of equipment.

6.7* Hose Storage. Hose bed area(s), compartments, or reels that meet the requirements of Section 15.10 shall be provided to accommodate the following:

• A minimum hose storage area of 10 ft³ (0.3 m³) for 2’4 (65 mm) or larger fire hose
• Two areas, each a minimum of 3.5 ft³ (0.1 m³), to accom­modate 114 (38 mm) or larger preconnected fire hose lines

6.8* Equipment Supplied by the Contractor. The contractor shall supply the equipment listed in 6.8.1 and 6.8.2 and shall provide and install such brackets or compartments as are neces­sary to mount the equipment.

• Ground Ladders.
• A 12 ft (3.7 m) or longer combination or extension- type fire department ground ladder shall be carried on the apparatus.
• All fire department ground ladders on the apparatus shall meet the requirements of NFPA 1931, except as permitted by 6.8.1.3.
• Stepladders and other types of multipurpose ladders shall be permitted to be carried in addition to the minimum fire department ground ladders specified in 6.8.1.1 provided they meet either ANSI A14.2 or ANSI A14.5 with duty ratings of Type 1A or 1AA.
• Suction Hose or Supply Hose.

6.8.2.1 A minimum of 20 ft (6 m) of suction hose or 15 ft (4.5 m) of supply hose shall be carried.

6.8.2.1.1 Where suction hose is provided, a suction strainer shall be furnished.