NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems

Chapter 1 Administration
1.1 Scope. This standard contains minimum requirements for total flooding and local application clean agent fire extinguish¬ing systems. It does not cover fire extinguishing systems that use carbon dioxide or water as the primary extinguishing media, which are addressed by other NFPA documents.
1.2 Purpose.
1.2.1 The agents in this standard were introduced in response to international restrictions on the production of certain halon fire extinguishing agents under the Montreal Protocol signed September 16, 1987, as amended. This standard is prepared for the use by and guidance of those charged with purchasing, designing, installing, testing, inspecting, approving, listing, operating, and maintaining engineered or pre-engineered clean agent extinguishing systems, so that such equipment will function as intended throughout its life. Nothing in this stand¬ard is intended to restrict new technologies or alternative arrangements provided the level of safety prescribed by this standard is not lowered.
1.2.2 No standard can be promulgated that will provide all the necessary criteria for the implementation of a total flooding clean agent fire extinguishing system. Technology in this area is under constant development, and this will be reflected in revi¬sions to this standard. The user of this standard must recognize the complexity of clean agent fire extinguishing systems. Therefore, the designer is cautioned that the standard is not a design handbook. The standard does not do away with the need for the engineer or for competent engineering judgment. It is intended that a designer capable of applying a more complete and rigorous analysis to special or unusual problems shall have latitude in the development of such designs. In such cases, the designer is responsible for demonstrating the validity of the approach.
1.3 Units. Metric units of measurement in this standard are in accordance with the modernized metric system known as the International System of Units (SI). Two units outside of but recognized by SI (liter and bar) are commonly used in interna¬tional fire protection. The SI units and their conversion factors are listed in Table 1.3. If a value for measurement as given in this standard is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value could be approximate.
1.4 General Information.
1.4.1* Applicability of Agents.
1.4.1.1 The fire extinguishing agents addressed in this stand¬ard shall be electrically nonconducting and leave no residue upon evaporation.
1.4.1.2* Agents that meet the criteria of 1.4.1.1 shall be shown in Table 1.4.1.2.
1.4.1.3 The design, installation, service, and maintenance of clean agent systems shall be performed by those skilled in clean agent fire extinguishing system technology.
1.4.2* Use and Limitations.
1.4.2.1 All pre-engineered systems shall be installed to protect hazards within the limitations that have been established by the listing. Pre-engineered systems shall be listed to one of the following types:
(1) Those consisting of system components designed to be installed according to pre-tested limitations by a testing laboratory. These pre-engineered systems shall be permit¬ted to incorporate special nozzles, flow rates, methods of application, nozzle placement, and pressurization levels that could differ from those detailed elsewhere in this standard. All other requirements of the standard shall apply.
(2) Automatic extinguishing units incorporating special nozzles, flow rates, methods of application, nozzle place¬ment, actuation techniques, piping materials, discharge times, mounting techniques, and pressurization levels that could differ from those detailed elsewhere in this standard.
1.4.2.2 Clean agents shall not be used on fires involving the following materials unless the agents have been tested to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction:
(1) Certain chemicals or mixtures of chemicals, such as cellu¬lose nitrate and gunpowder, which are capable of rapid oxidation in the absence of air
(2) Reactive metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, uranium, and pluto- nium
(3) Metal hydrides
(4) Chemicals capable of undergoing autothermal decompo¬sition, such as certain organic peroxides, pyrophoric materials, and hydrazine
1.4.2.3* Where a total flooding system is used, a fixed enclo¬sure shall be provided about the hazard that allows a specified agent concentration to be achieved and maintained for a speci¬fied period of time.
1.4.2.4* The effects of agent decomposition on fire protection effectiveness and equipment shall be considered where clean agents are used in hazards with high ambient temperatures (e.g., furnaces and ovens).
1.5 Safety.
1.5.1* Hazards to Personnel.
1.5.1.1* Any agent that is to be recognized by this standard or proposed for inclusion in this standard shall first be evaluated in a manner equivalent to the process used by the U.S. Environ¬mental Protection Agency (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program for total flooding agents.
1.5.1.2* Halocarbon Agents.
1.5.1.2.1* Unnecessary exposure to halocarbon clean agents — including exposure at and below the no observable adverse effects level (NOAEL) — and halocarbon decomposition prod¬ucts shall be avoided. Means shall be provided to limit expo¬sure to no longer than 5 minutes. Unprotected personnel shall not enter a protected space during or after agent discharge. The following additional provisions shall apply:
(1) Halocarbon systems for spaces that are normally occupied and designed to concentrations up to the NOAEL [see Table 1.5.1.2.1(a)] shall be permitted. The maximum exposure in any case shall not exceed 5 minutes.
(2) Halocarbon systems for spaces that are normally occupied and designed to concentrations above the NOAEL [see Table 1.5.1.2.1(a)] shall be permitted if means are provi¬ded to limit exposure to the design concentrations shown in Table 1.5.1.2.1(b) through Table 1.5.1.2.1(e) that correspond to an allowable human exposure time of 5 minutes. Higher design concentrations associated with human exposure times less than 5 minutes as shown in Table 1.5.1.2.1(b) through Table 1.5.1.2.1(e) shall not be permitted in normally occupied spaces.
(3) In spaces that are not normally occupied and protected by a halocarbon system designed to concentrations above the lowest observable adverse effects level (LOAEL) [see Table 1.5.1.2.1(a)] and where personnel could possibly be exposed, means shall be provided to limit exposure times using Table 1.5.1.2.1 (b) through Table 1.5.1.2.1 (e).
(4) In spaces that are not normally occupied and in the absence of the information needed to fulfill the condi¬tions listed in 1.5.1.2.1(3), the following provisions shall apply:
(a) Where egress takes longer than 30 seconds but less than 1 minute, the halocarbon agent shall not be used in a concentration exceeding its LOAEL.
(b) Concentrations exceeding the LOAEL shall be permitted provided that any personnel in the area can escape within 30 seconds.
(c) A pre-discharge alarm and time delay shall be provi¬ded in accordance with the provisions of 4.3.5.6 of this standard.
1.5.1.3* Inert Gas Clean Agents. Unnecessary exposure to inert gas agent systems resulting in low oxygen atmospheres shall be avoided. The maximum exposure time in any case shall not exceed 5 minutes. See Table 5.5.3.3 for atmospheric correc¬tion factors that shall be considered when determining the design concentrations. One objective of pre-discharge alarms
and time delays is to prevent human exposure to agents. A pre- discharge alarm and time delay shall be provided in accord¬ance with the provisions of 4.3.5.6 of this standard. Unprotected personnel shall not enter the area during or after agent discharge. The following additional provisions shall apply:
(1) Inert gas systems designed to concentrations below 43 percent (corresponding to an oxygen concentration of 12 percent, sea level equivalent of oxygen) shall be permitted where means are provided to limit exposure to no longer than 5 minutes.
(2) Inert gas systems designed to concentrations between 43 and 52 percent (corresponding to between 12 and 10 percent oxygen, sea level equivalent of oxygen) shall be permitted where means are provided to limit exposure to no longer than 3 minutes.
Table 1.5.1.2.1 (b) Time for Safe Human Exposure at Stated Concentrations for HFC-125
HFC-125 Concentration
Maximum Permitted
criteria, the highest minimum clearance listed for this group shall be used.
1.5.2.3 The selected clearance to ground shall satisfy the greater of the switching surge or BIL duty, rather than being based on nominal voltage.
1.5.2.4* The clearance between uninsulated, energized parts of the electrical system equipment and any portion of the clean agent system shall not be less than the minimum clearance provided elsewhere for electrical system insulation on any indi¬vidual component.
1.5.2.5 Where BIL is not available and where nominal voltage is used for the design criteria, the highest minimum clearance listed for this group shall be used.
1.6* Environmental Factors. When an agent is being selected to protect a hazard area, the effects of the agent on the envi¬ronment shall be considered. Selection of the appropriate fire suppression agent shall include consideration of the following items:
(1) Potential environmental effect of a fire in the protected area
(2) Potential environmental impacts, including, but not limi¬ted to, ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) of the clean agents that could be used
1.7 Retrofitability. Retrofitting of any clean agent into an existing fire extinguishing system shall result in a system that is listed or approved.
1.8 Compatibility with Other Agents.
1.8.1* Mixing of agents in the same container shall be permit¬ted only if the system is listed.
1.8.2 Systems employing the simultaneous discharge of differ¬ent agents to protect the same enclosed space shall not be permitted.
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
2.1 General. The documents or portions thereoflisted in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.
2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.
NFPA 4, Standard for Integrated Fire Protection and Life Safety System Testing, 2018 edition. ‘ NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2017 edition.
NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code®, 2016 edition.
2.3 Other Publications.
2.3.1 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Insti¬tute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
ANSI Z535.2, Standard for Environmental and Facility Safety Signs, 2011.
2.3.2 ASME Publications. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.
ASME B 1.20.1, Standard on Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch, 2013.
ASME B31.1, Power Piping Code, 2016. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2017.
2.3.3 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Ban- Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
ASTM A120, Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless for Ordinary Uses, 1984 (with¬drawn 1987).
ASTM SI 10, American National Standard for Metric Practice, 2016.
2.3.4 CGA Publications. Compressed Gas Association, 14501 George Carter Way, Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923.
CGA C-6, Standard for Visual Inspection of Steel Compressed Gas Cylinders, 2013.
2.3.5 IEEE Publications. IEEE Standards Association, 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997.
IEEEC2, National Electrical Safety Code, 2017.
2.3.6 IMO Publications. International Maritime Organiza¬tion, 4, Albert Embankment, London, SE1 7SR, United King¬dom.
IMO MSC/Circ. 848, Revised Guidelines for the Approval of Equivalent Fixed Gas Fire-Extinguishing Systems as Referred to in SOLAS 74, for Machinery Spaces and Cargo Pump-Rooms, 1998.
IMO MSG. 1/Circ. 1267, Amendments to Revised Guidelines for the Approval of Equivalent Fixed Gas Fire-Extinguishing Systems, as Referred to in SOLAS 74, for Machinery Spaces and Cargo Pump- Rooms (MSC/Circ.848), 2008.
2.3.7 ISO Publications. International Organization for Stand¬ardization, ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blan- donnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 7-1, Pipe Threads Where Pressure-Tight Joints Are Made on the Threads — Part 1: Dimensions, Tolerances and Designation, 2007.
2.3.8 TC Publications. Transport Canada, Tower C, Place de Ville, 330 Sparks Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5, Canada.
TP 127 E, Ship Safety Electrical Standards, 2008.
2.3.9 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.
ANSI/UL 2127, Standard for Inert Gas Clean Agent Extinguish¬ing System Units, 2012 (revised 2015).
ANSI/UL 2166, Standard for Halocarbon Clean Agent Extin¬guishing System Units, 2012 (revised 2015).
2.3.10 ULC Publications. Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 Underwriters Road, Toronto, ON MIR 3B4, Canada.
CAN/ULC S524-14, Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems, 2014.
2001-9
REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS
CAN/ULC S529-16, Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Systems, 2016.
2.3.11 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001.
OSHA, Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910, Subpart S.
U.S. Coast Guard, Title 46, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 72.
U.S. Coast Guard, Title 46, Code of Federal Regulations, Subchapter J, “Electrical Engineering.”
DOT Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 170-190, “Transportation.”
2.3.12 Other Publications.
Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam- Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.
NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, 2018 edition.
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic¬tion.
3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.
3.2.3* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalua¬tion of services, and whose listing states that either the equip¬ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
3.2.4 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.
3.2.5 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
3.2.6 Standard. An NFPA Standard, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase “standards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards, including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides.
3.3 General Definitions.
3.3.1* Abort Switch. A system control that, when operated during the releasing panel’s release delay countdown, extends the delay in accordance with a predetermined effect.
3.3.2 Adjusted Minimum Design Quantity (AMDQ). The
minimum design quantity of agent that has been adjusted in consideration of design factors.
3.3.3 Agent Concentration. The portion of agent in an agent- air mixture expressed in volume percent.
3.3.4 Class A Fire. A fire in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.
3.3.5 Class B Fire. A fire in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases.
3.3.6 Class C Fire. A fire that involves energized electrical equipment.
3.3.7* Clean Agent. Volatile or gaseous fire extinguishant that is electrically nonconducting and that does not leave a residue upon evaporation.
3.3.8 Clearance. The air distance between extinguishing system equipment, including piping and nozzles, and unen¬closed or uninsulated live electrical components not at ground potential.
3.3.9 Control Room and Electronic Equipment Space. A
space containing electronic or electrical equipment, such as that found in control rooms or electronic equipment rooms, where only Class A surface fires or Class C electrical hazards are present.
3.3.10 Design Concentration.
3.3.10.1* Adjusted Minimum Design Concentration (AMDC).
The target minimum design concentration after the safety factor and the design factors have been taken into account.
3.3.10.2* Final Design Concentration (FDC). The actual concentration of agent discharged into the enclosure.
3.3.11 Design Factor (DF). A fraction of the agent minimum design quantity (MDQ) added thereto deemed appropriate due to a specific feature of the protection application or design of the suppression system.
3.3.12 Engineered System. A system requiring individual calculation and design to determine the flow rates, nozzle pres¬sures, pipe size, area or volume protected by each nozzle, quan¬tity of agent, and the number and types of nozzles and their placement in a specific system.
3.3.13 Fill Density. Mass of agent per unit of container volume (the customary units are lb/ft3 or kg/m3).
3.3.14 Final Design Quantity (FDQ). The quantity of agent determined from the agent minimum design quantity as adjus¬ted to account for design factors and pressure adjustment.
3.3.15* Halocarbon Agent. An agent that contains as primary components one or more organic compounds containing one or more of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
3.3.16 Inert Gas Agent. An agent that contains as primary components one or more of the gases helium, neon, argon, or nitrogen. Inert gas agents that are blends of gases can also contain carbon dioxide as a secondary component.
3.3.17 Inspection. A visual examination of a system or portion thereof to verify that it appeal’s to be in operating condition and is free of physical damage.
3.3.18 Local Application System. A system consisting of a supply of extinguishing agent arranged to discharge direcdy on the burning material. [12, 20181
3.3.19 Lockout Valve. A manually operated valve in the discharge pipe between the nozzles and the agent supply that can be locked in the closed position to prevent flow of agent to the protected area.
3.3.20 Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL).
The lowest concentration at which an adverse physiological or toxicological effect has been observed.
3.3.21 Machinery Space. A space containing the main and auxiliary propulsion machinery.
3.3.22 Maintenance. Work performed to ensure that the equipment operates as directed by the manufacturer.
3.3.23 Marine Systems. Systems installed on ships, barges, offshore platforms, motorboats, and pleasure craft.
3.3.24 Minimum Design Quantity (MDQ). The quantity of agent required to achieve the minimum design concentration as calculated using the method in 5.5.1 or 5.5.2, as appropriate.
3.3.25 Minimum Design Temperature. The minimum antici¬pated temperature within the protected enclosure.
3.3.26 No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL). The
highest concentration at which no adverse toxicological or physiological effect has been observed.
3.3.27* Normally Occupied Enclosure or Space. An enclo¬sure or space where one or more persons are present under normal conditions.
3.3.28 Occupiable Enclosure or Space. An enclosure or space that has dimensions and physical characteristics such that it could be entered by a person.
3.3.29 Pre-Engineered System. A system having predeter¬mined flow rates, nozzle pressures, and quantities of agent. These systems have the specific pipe size, maximum and mini¬mum pipe lengths, flexible hose specifications, number of fittings, and number and types of nozzles prescribed by a test¬ing laboratory. The hazards protected by these systems are specifically limited as to type and size by a testing laboratory based upon actual fire tests. Limitations on hazards that can be protected by these systems are contained in the manufacturer’s installation manual, which is referenced as part of the listing.
3.3.30 Pump Room. A space that contains mechanical equip¬ment for handling, pumping, or transferring flammable or combustible liquids as a fuel.
3.3.31 Recovered Agent. Agent that has been removed from a system and kept for future use or until it is destroyed, without necessarily testing or processing it in any way.
3.3.32 Recycled Agent. Agent that has been recovered, tested, and processed as necessary and found to be in compliance with the quality requirement of 4.1.2.
3.3.33 Safety Factor (SF). A multiplier of the agent flame extinguishing or inerting concentration to determine the agent minimum design concentration.
3.3.34 Sea Level Equivalent of Agent. The agent concentra¬tion (volume percent) at sea level for which the partial pres¬sure of agent matches the ambient partial pressure of agent at a given altitude.
3.3.35 Sea Level Equivalent of Oxygen. The oxygen concen¬tration (volume percent) at sea level for which the partial pres¬sure of oxygen matches the ambient partial pressure of oxygen at a given altitude.
3.3.36 Service. Performance of maintenance, recharge, or testing.
3.3.37 Superpressurizadon. The addition of gas to a fire extinguishing agent container to achieve a specified pressure therein.
3.3.38 Total Flooding. The act and manner of discharging an agent for the purpose of achieving a specified minimum agent concentration throughout a hazard volume.
3.3.39 Total Flooding System. A system consisting of an agent supply and distribution network designed to achieve a total flooding condition in a hazard volume.
Chapter 4 Components
4.1 Agent Supply. 4.1.1 Quantity.
4.1.1.1 Primary Agent Supply. The quantity of agent in the system primary agent supply shall be at least sufficient for the largest single hazard to be protected or group of hazards to be protected simultaneously.
4.1.1.2* Reserve Agent Supply. Where required, a reserve agent supply shall consist of as many multiples of the primary agent supply as the authority having jurisdiction considers necessary.
4.1.1.3 Uninterrupted Protecdon. Where uninterrupted protection is required, both the primary and the reserve agent supplies shall be permanently connected to the distribution piping and arranged for easy changeover.
4.1.2* Quality. Agent, including recycled agent, shall meet the standards of quality given in Table 4.1.2(a) through Table 4.1.2(d). Each batch of agent, both recycled and newly manu¬factured, shall be tested and certified to the specifications given in the tables. Agent blends shall remain homogeneous in stor¬age and use within the listed temperature range and conditions of service that they will encounter.
4.2.4.2 For flanged valves, the class and style of flanges required to match the valve’s flanged connection shall be used.
4.2.4.3* All gaskets, O-rings, sealants, and other valve compo¬nents shall be constructed of materials that are compatible with the agent. Valves shall be protected against mechanical, chemi¬cal, or other damage.
4.2.4.4 Special corrosion-resistant materials or coatings shall be used in severely corrosive atmospheres.
4.2.4.5 Where directional valves are used for multihazard protection, the directional valves shall be listed or approved for use with the installed suppression system.
4.2.4.6 Where directional valves are used for multihazard protection, the control equipment shall be specifically listed for the number, type, and operation of those valves.
4.2.5 Discharge Nozzles.
4.2.5.1 Discharge nozzles shall be listed for the intended use. Listing criteria shall include flow characteristics, area coverage, height limits, and minimum pressures. Discharge orifices and discharge orifice plates and inserts shall be of a material that is corrosion resistant to the agent used and the atmosphere in the intended application.
4.2.5.2 Special corrosion-resistant materials or coatings shall be required in severely corrosive atmospheres.
4.2.5.3 Discharge nozzles shall be permanently marked to identify the manufacturer as well as the type and size of the orifice.
4.2.5.4 Where clogging by external foreign materials is likely, discharge nozzles shall be provided with frangible discs, blow- off caps, or other suitable devices. These devices shall provide an unobstructed opening upon system operation and shall be located so they will not injure personnel.
4.2.5.5* Nozzles shall be installed so as to be free of obstruc¬tions that could interfere with the proper distribution of the discharged agent in accordance with the manufacturer’s instal¬lation and maintenance manual.
4.3 Detection, Actuation, Alarm, and Control Systems. 4.3.1 General.
4.3.1.1* Detection, actuation, alarm, and control systems shall be installed, tested, and maintained in accordance with appro¬priate NFPA protective signaling systems standards. (See NFPA 70 and NFPA 72. In Canada refer to CAN/ULC S524-14 and CAN/ULC S529-16.)
4.3.1.1.1 The clean agent suppression system or group of systems shall be controlled by a listed clean agent releasing control panel(s) that is listed for monitoring the associated initiating devices, meets the listed compatibility requirements per 4.3.4.1 for actuation of the associated suppression system releasing device(s), and controls the associated suppression system notification appliances.
4.3.1.1.2* A protected premises building fire alarm system shall be permitted to serve as a clean agent suppression system releasing control panel only if it is listed for release with the specific clean agent suppression system’s releasing device, per 4.3.4.1.
4.3.1.1.3 If the clean agent suppression system releasing control panel is located in a protected premises having a sepa¬rate building fire alarm system, it shall be monitored by the building fire alarm system for alarm, supervisory, and trouble signals.
4.3.1.1.4 The clean agent suppression system releasing control panel shall not be dependent upon or affected by the opera¬tion or failure of the protected premises building fire alarm panel.
4.3.1.2 Automatic detection and automatic actuation shall be used.
4.3.1.2.1 Manual-only actuation shall be permitted if accepta¬ble to the authority having jurisdiction.
4.3.1.3* Initiating and releasing circuit wiring shall be in¬stalled in raceways.
4.3.1.3.1 Other than as permitted in 4.3.1.3.2, alternating current (ac) and direct current (dc) wring shall not be combined in a common conduit or raceway.
4.3.1.3.2 It shall be permitted to combine ac and dc wring in a common conduit or raceway where shielded and grounded.
4.3.2 Automatic Detection.
4.3.2.1* Automatic detection shall be by any listed method or device capable of detecting and indicating heat, flame, smoke, combustible vapors, or an abnormal condition in the hazard, such as process trouble, that is likely to produce fire.
4.3.2.2 Adequate and reliable primary and 24-hour minimum standby sources of energy shall be used to provide for opera¬tion of the detection, signaling, control, and actuation require¬ments of the system.
4.3.2.3 Where a new agent system is being installed in a space that has an existing detection system, an analysis shall be made of the detection devices to ensure that the detection system is in good operating condition and will respond promptly to a fire situation. This analysis shall be done to assist in limiting the decomposition products from a suppression event.
4.3.3 Operating Devices.
4.3.3.1 Operating devices shall include agent-releasing devices or valves, discharge controls, and shutdown equipment neces¬sary for successful performance of the system.
4.3.3.2 Operation shall be by listed mechanical, electrical, or pneumatic means. An adequate and reliable source of energy shall be used.
4.3.3.3 All devices shall be designed for the service they will encounter and shall not readily be rendered inoperative or susceptible to accidental operation. Devices normally shall be designed to function properly from -20°F to 130°F (-29°C to 54°C) or marked to indicate temperature limitations.
4.3.3.4 All devices shall be located, installed, or suitably protected so that they are not subject to mechanical, chemical, or other damage that would render them inoperative.
4.3.3.5 A means of manual release of the system shall be provi¬ded. Manual release shall be accomplished by a mechanical manual release or by an electrical manual release when the control equipment monitors the battery voltage level of the standby battery supply and provides a low-battery signal. The release shall cause simultaneous operation of automatically operated valves controlling agent release and distribution.
4.3.3.5.1* A discharge pressure switch shall be required where mechanical system actuation is possible.
4.3.3.5.2 The discharge pressure switch shall provide an alarm-initiating signal to the releasing panel.
4.3.3.5.3 A means of manual release shall not be required for automatic systems when the hazard being protected is unoccu- piable and the hazard is in a remote location where personnel are not normally present.
4.3.3.6 The normal manual control (s) for actuation shall be located for easy accessibility at all times, including at the time of a fire.
4.3.3.6.1 The manual control (s) shall be of distinct appear¬ance and clearly recognizable for the purpose intended.
4.3.3.6.2 Operation of any manual control shall cause the complete system to operate as designed.
4.3.3.7 Manual controls shall not require a pull of more than 40 lb (178 N) nor a movement of more than 14 in. (356 mm) to secure operation. At least one manual control for activation shall be located not more than 4 ft (1.2 m) above the floor.
4.3.3.8 Where gas pressure from the system or pilot containers is used as a means for releasing the remaining containers, the supply and discharge rate shall be designed for releasing all the remaining containers.
4.3.3.9 All devices for shutting down supplementary equip¬ment shall be considered integral parts of the system and shall function with the system operation.
4.3.3.10 All manual operating devices shall be identified as to the hazard they protect.
4.3.4 Control Equipment.
4.3.4.1 The control equipment shall be specifically listed for the number and type of actuating devices utilized, and their compatibility shall have been listed.
4.3.4.2* Removal of an electric actuator from the agent stor¬age container discharge valve that it controls shall result in an audible and visual indication of system impairment at the system releasing control panel.
4.3.4.2.1 Paragraph 4.3.4.2 shall become effective January 1, 2016.
4.3.4.2.2 Paragraph 4.3.4.2 shall not apply to systems covered under Chapter 9 of this standard with the exception of those systems included under Section 9.6.
4.3.4.3 Removal of an electric actuator from the selector valve it controls shall result in an audible and visual indication of system impairment at the system releasing control panel.
4.3.4.3.1 Paragraph 4.3.4.3 shall become effective January 1, 2016.
4.3.4.3.2 Paragraph 4.3.4.3 shall not apply to systems covered under Chapter 9 of this standard with the exception of those systems included under Section 9.6.
4.3.4.4 The control equipment shall supervise the actuating devices and associated wiring and, as required, cause actuation.
4.3.4.5 Removal of the primary agent container actuating device from the discharge valve and/or selector valve shall cause a trouble or supervisory signal at the releasing control unit.
4.3.4.6 Where pneumatic control equipment is used, the lines shall be protected against crimping and mechanical damage. Where installations could be exposed to conditions that could lead to loss of integrity of the pneumatic lines, special precau¬tions shall be taken to ensure that no loss of integrity will occur. The control equipment shall be specifically listed for the number and type of actuating devices utilized, and their compatibility shall have been listed.
4.3.5 Operating Alarms and Indicators.
4.3.5.1 Alarms or indicators or both shall be used to indicate the operation of the system, hazards to personnel, or failure of any supervised device. The type (audible, visual, or olfactory), number, and location of the devices shall be such that their purpose is satisfactorily accomplished. The extent and type of alarms or indicator equipment or both shall be approved.
4.3.5.2 Audible and visual pre-discharge alarms shall be provi¬ded within the protected area of occupiable spaces to give posi¬tive warning of impending discharge. The operation of the warning devices shall be continued after agent discharge until positive action has been taken to acknowledge the alarm and to proceed with appropriate action.
4.3.5.3* Abort switches, where provided, shall be located within the protected area and shall be located near the means of egress for the area. The abort switch shall be of a type that requires constant manual pressure to cause abort. In all cases, the normal manual control and the manual emergency control shall override the abort function. Operation of the abort func¬tion shall result in both audible and distinct visual indication of system impairment. The abort switch shall be clearly recogniza¬ble for the purpose intended.
4.3.5.4 Alarms indicating failure of supervised devices or equipment shall give prompt and positive indication of any fail¬ure and shall be distinctive from alarms indicating operation or hazardous conditions.
4.3.5.5 Warning and instruction signs at entrances to and inside protected areas shall be provided.
4.3.5.5.1 Warning and safety instruction signs shall be located such that they will be readily visible to personnel in the area where the clean agent design concentration exceeds that approved for use in normally occupied spaces. The safety sign format and color and the letter style of the signal words shall be in accordance with ANSI Z535.2.
4.3.5.5.2 Warning and safety instruction signs shall be located outside each entrance to clean agent cylinder storage rooms. The safety sign format and color and the letter style of the signal words shall be in accordance with ANSI Z535.2.
4.3.5.6 Time Delays.
4.3.5.6.1* For clean agent extinguishing systems, a pre- discharge alarm and time delay, sufficient to allow personnel evacuation prior to discharge, shall be provided. For hazard areas subject to fast growth fires, where the provision of a time delay would seriously increase the threat to life and property, a time delay shall be permitted to be eliminated.
4.3.5.6.2 Time delays shall be used only for personnel evacua¬tion or to prepare the hazard area for discharge.
4.3.5.6.3 Time delays shall not be used as a means of confirm¬ing operation of a detection device before automatic actuation occurs.
4.3.6* Unwanted System Operadon.
4.3.6.1 To avoid unwanted discharge of an electrically actu¬ated clean agent system, a supervised disconnect switch shall be provided.
4.3.6.2 The disconnect switch shall interrupt the releasing circuit to the suppression system.
4.3.6.3 The disconnect switch shall cause a supervisory signal at the releasing control unit.
4.3.6.4 The disconnect switch shall be secured against unau¬thorized use by one of the following methods:
(1) Locate inside a lockable releasing control panel
(2) Locate inside a lockable enclosure
(3) Require a key for activation of the switch
4.3.6.5 When the disconnect switch requires a key for activa¬tion, the access key shall not be removable while disconnected so the suppression system can be quickly returned to the opera¬tional condition in the event of a fire.
4.3.6.6 Suppression system disconnect achieved via software programming shall not be acceptable for use in lieu of a physi¬cal disconnect switch.
4.3.6.7 The disconnect switch shall be listed.
Chapter 5 System Design 5.1 Specifications, Plans, and Approvals.
5.1.1 Specifications. Specifications for total flooding and local application clean agent fire extinguishing systems shall be prepared under the supervision of a person fully experienced and qualified in the design of such systems and with the advice of the authority having jurisdiction. The specifications shall include all pertinent items necessary for the proper design of the system, such as the designation of the authority having jurisdiction, variances from the standard to be permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, design criteria, system sequence of operations, the type and extent of the approval testing to be performed after installation of the system, and owner training requirements.
5.1.2 Working Plans.
5.1.2.1 Working plans and calculations shall be submitted for approval to the authority having jurisdiction before system installation or remodeling begins. These documents shall be prepared only by persons fully experienced and qualified in the design of total flooding and local application clean agent fire extinguishing systems. Deviation from these documents shall require permission of the authority having jurisdiction.
5.1.2.2 Working plans shall be drawn to an indicated scale and shall show the following items that pertain to the design of the system:
(1) Name of owner and occupant
(2) Location, including street address
(3) Point of compass and symbol legend
(4) Location and construction of protected enclosure walls and partitions
(5) Location of fire walls
(6) Enclosure cross section, shown as a full-height or sche¬matic diagram, including location and construction of building floor-ceiling assemblies above and below, raised access floor, and suspended ceiling
(7) Agent being used
(8) Agent concentration at the lowest temperature and the highest temperature for which the enclosure is protec¬ted
(9) Description of occupancies and hazards being protected, designating whether the enclosure is normally occupied
(10) For an enclosure protected by a clean agent fire extin¬guishing system, an estimate of the maximum positive pressure and the maximum negative pressure, relative to ambient pressure, expected to be developed upon the discharge of agent
(11) Description of exposures surrounding the enclosure
(12) Description of the agent storage containers used, includ¬ing internal volume, storage pressure, and nominal capacity expressed in units of agent mass or volume at standard conditions of temperature and pressure
(13) Description of nozzle(s) used, including size, orifice port configuration, and equivalent orifice area
(14) Description of pipe and fittings used, including material specifications, grade, and pressure rating
(15) Description of wire or cable used, including classifica¬tion, gauge [American Wire Gauge (AWG)], shielding, number of strands in conductor, conductor material, and color coding schedule; segregation requirements of various system conductors; and required method of making wire terminations
Description of the method of detector mounting Equipment schedule or bill of materials for each piece of equipment or device showing device name, manufac¬turer, model or part number, quantity, and description Plan view of protected area showing enclosure partitions (full and partial height); agent distribution system, including agent storage containers, piping, and nozzles; type of pipe hangers and rigid pipe supports; detection, alarm, and control system, including all devices and schematic of wiring interconnection between them; end- of-line device locations; location of controlled devices such as dampers and shutters; and location of instruc¬tional signage
(19) Isometric view of agent distribution system showing the length and diameter of each pipe segment; node refer¬ence numbers relating to the flow calculations; fittings, including reducers, strainers, and orientation of tees; and nozzles, including size, orifice port configuration, flow rate, and equivalent orifice area
(20) Complete step-by-step description of the system sequence of operations, including functioning of abort
and maintenance switches, delay timers, and emergency power shutdown
(21) Point-to-point wring schematic diagrams showing all circuit connections to the system control panel and graphic annunciator panel
(22) Point-to-point wring schematic diagrams showing all circuit connections to external or add-on relays
(23) Complete calculations to determine enclosure volume, quantity of clean agent, and size of backup batteries; method used to determine number and location of audi¬ble and visual indicating devices; and number and loca¬tion of detectors
(24) Details of any special features
(25) * Pressure relief vent area, or equivalent leakage area, for the protected enclosure to prevent development, during system discharge, of a pressure difference across the enclosure boundaries that exceeds a specified enclosure pressure limit
5.1.2.3 The detail on the system shall include information and calculations on the quantity of agent; container storage pres¬sure; internal volume of the container; the location, type, and flow rate of each nozzle, including equivalent orifice area; the location, size, and equivalent lengths of pipe, fittings, and hose; and the location and size of the storage facility. Pipe size reduc¬tion and orientation of tees shall be clearly indicated. Informa¬tion shall be submitted pertaining to the location and function of the detection devices, operating devices, auxiliary equip¬ment, and electrical circuitry, if used. Apparatus and devices used shall be identified. Any special features shall be adequately explained.
5.1.2.3.1 Pre-engineered systems shall not be required to spec¬ify an internal volume of the container, nozzle flow rates, equiv¬alent lengths of pipe, fittings, and hose, or flow calculations, when used within their listed limitations. The information required by the listed system design manual, however, shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction for verifica¬tion that the system is within its listed limitations.
5.1.2.4 An “as-built” instruction and maintenance manual that includes a full sequence of operations and a full set of drawings and calculations shall be maintained on site.
5.1.2.5 Flow Calculations.
5.1.2.5.1 Flow calculations along with the working plans shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction for approval. The version of the flow calculation program shall be identified on the computer calculation printout.
5.1.2.5.2 Where field conditions necessitate any material change from approved plans, the change shall be submitted for approval.
5.1.2.5.3 When such material changes from approved plans are made, corrected “as-installed” plans shall be provided.
5.1.3 Approval of Plans.
5.1.3.1 Plans and calculations shall be approved prior to installation.
5.1.3.2 Where field conditions necessitate any significant change from approved plans, the change shall be approved prior to implementation.
5.1.3.3 When such significant changes from approved plans are made, the working plans shall be updated to accurately represent the system as installed.
5.2* System Flow Calculations.
5.2.1* System flow calculations shall be performed using a calculation method listed or approved by the authority having jurisdiction. The system design shall be within the manufactur¬er’s listed limitations.
5.2.1.1 Designs involving pre-engineered systems shall not be required to be provided with flow calculations in accordance with 5.1.2.5 where used within their listed limitations.
5.2.2 Valves and fittings shall be rated for equivalent length in terms of pipe or tubing sizes with which they will be used. The equivalent length of the container valve shall be listed and shall include siphon tube, valve, discharge head, and flexible connector.
5.2.3 Piping lengths and orientation of fittings and nozzles shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s listed limita¬tions.
5.2.4 If the final installation varies from the prepared draw¬ings and calculations, new drawings and calculations represent¬ing the “as-built” installation shall be prepared.
5.3* Enclosure.
5.3.1 In the design of a total flooding system, the characteris¬tics of the protected enclosure shall be considered.
5.3.2 The area of unclosable openings in the protected enclo¬sure shall be kept to a minimum.
5.3.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to require pressurization/depressurization of the protected enclo¬sure or other tests to ensure performance that meets the requirements of this standard. (See Annex C.)
5.3.4 To prevent loss of agent through openings to adjacent hazards or work areas, openings shall be permanendy sealed or equipped with automatic closures. Where reasonable confine¬ment of agent is not practicable, protection shall be expanded to include the adjacent connected hazards or work areas, or additional agent shall be introduced into the protected enclo¬sure using an extended discharge configuration.
5.3.5 Where a clean agent total flooding system is being provi¬ded for the protection of a room with a raised or sunken floor, the room and raised or sunken floor shall be simultaneously protected.
5.3.5.1* If only the space under the raised floor is to be protected by a total flooding system, an inert gas shall be used to protect that space.
5.3.5.2 Each volume, room, and raised or sunken floor to be protected shall be provided with detectors, piping network, and nozzles.
5.3.6* Other than the ventilation systems identified in 5.3.6.2, forced-air ventilating systems, including self-contained air recir¬culation systems, shall be shut down or closed automatically where their continued operation would adversely affect the performance of the fire extinguishing system or result in prop¬agation of the fire.
requirements of Section 1.5 shall he followed to prevent expo¬sure of personnel to high concentrations of agent.
6.2 Hazard Specifications.
6.2.1 Extent of Hazard. The hazard shall be so isolated from other hazards or combustibles that fire will not spread outside the protected area.
6.2.1.1 The entire hazard shall be protected.
6.2.1.2 The hazard shall include all areas that are or can become coated by combustible liquids or shallow solid coat¬ings, such as areas subject to spillage, leakage, dripping, splash¬ing, or condensation.
6.2.1.3 The hazard shall also include all associated materials or equipment, such as freshly coated stock, drain boards, hoods, ducts, and so forth, that could extend fire outside or lead fire into the protected area.
6.2.1.4 A series of interexposed hazards shall be permitted to be subdivided into smaller groups or sections with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.
6.2.1.4.1 Systems for such hazards shall be designed to give immediate independent protection to adjacent groups or sections as needed.
6.2.2 Location of Hazard.
6.2.2.1 The hazard shall be permitted to be indoors, partly sheltered, or completely out of doors.
6.2.2.2 The clean agent discharge shall be such that winds or strong air currents do not impair the protection. It shall be the responsibility of the system designer to show that such condi¬tions have been taken into account in the design of a system.
6.3 Clean Agent Requirements. The quantity of clean agent required for local application systems shall be based on the rate of discharge and the time that the discharge must be main¬tained to ensure complete extinguishment. The minimum design quantity shall be no less than 1.5 times the minimum quantity required for extinguishment at any selected system discharge rate.
6.4 Nozzles.
6.4.1 Nozzle Selection. The basis for nozzle selection shall be listed performance data that clearly depict the interrelation¬ship of agent quantity, discharge rate, discharge time, area coverage, and the distance of the nozzle from the protected surface.
6.4.1.1* The maximum permitted time to extinguish a fire with a halocarbon agent shall be 10 seconds.
6.4.1.2* The maximum permitted time to extinguish a fire with an inert gas agent shall be 30 seconds.
6.4.1.3* Where flammable liquid fires of appreciable depth [over ‘/, in. (6 mm)] are to be protected, a minimum freeboard of 6 in. (152 mm) shall be provided unless otherwise noted in approvals or listings of nozzles.
6.4.2 Nozzle Discharge Rates. The design discharge rate through individual nozzles shall be determined on the basis of location or projection distance in accordance with specific approvals or listings.
6.4.2.1 The system discharge rate shall be the sum of the indi¬vidual rates of all the nozzles and discharge devices used in the system.
6.4.3 Discharge Time. The minimum design discharge time shall be determined by dividing the design quantity by the design rate.
6.4.3.1 The discharge time shall be increased to compensate for any hazard condition that would require a longer cooling period or for mechanical rundown time associated with ventila¬tion equipment present to prevent re-ignition.
6.4.3.2 Where there is a possibility that metal or other mate¬rial can become heated above the ignition temperature of the fuel, the effective discharge time shall be increased to allow adequate cooling time.
6.4.3.3* Where the fuel has an auto-ignition point below its boiling point, such as paraffin wax and cooking oils, the effec¬tive discharge time shall be increased to permit cooling of the fuel to prevent re-ignition.
6.5 Location and Number of Nozzles.
6.5.1* A sufficient number of nozzles shall be used to cover the entire hazard area on the basis of the unit areas protected by each nozzle.
6.5.2* Local application nozzles shall be located in accord¬ance with spacing and discharge rate limitations stated in nozzle listings.
6.5.3 Linear detection tubing shall be permitted to be used for agent discharge within the limitations of its listing.
6.5.4 Nozzles shall be located so as to protect coated stock or other hazards extending above a protected surface.
6.6* Operation. The system shall be designed for automatic operation except where the authority having jurisdiction permits manual operation.
Chapter 7 Approval of Installations
7.1* Safety. Safe procedures shall be observed during installa¬tion, servicing, maintenance, testing, handling, and recharging of clean agent systems and agent containers.
7.2* General.
7.2.1 The completed system shall be reviewed and tested by personnel that have knowledge and experience of the require¬ments contained in this standard, of the installed equipment, and of the manufacturer’s design, installation, and mainte¬nance manual.
7.2.2 Only listed equipment and devices shall be used in the systems.
7.2.3 System Acceptance Testing.
7.2.3.1 The system shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of this standard and the manufacturer’s design, installation, and maintenance manual.
7.2.3.2 Equipment shall be inspected to verify that it is in¬stalled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and the system design documents.
7.2.3.3 The actual hazard dimensions shall be checked against those indicated on the system drawings to verify the quantity of agent.
7.2.3.4* If a discharge test is to be conducted, containers for the agent to be used shall be weighed before and after the discharge test.
7.2.3.5 The weight of agent in the containers shall be verified by weighing or other approved methods.
7.2.3.6 For inert gas clean agents, container pressure shall be recorded before and after the discharge test.
7.2.3.7 When applicable for system operation, fan coastdown and damper closure time shall be verified that they are in accordance with the system design criteria.
7.2.4 When required by project specifications, integrated fire protection and life safety system testing shall be in accordance with NFPA 4.
7.3 Acceptance Test Report.
7.3.1* The acceptance testing required by 7.2.3 shall be docu¬mented in a test report.
7.3.2 The acceptance test report shall be maintained by the system owner for the life of the system.
7.4 Review of Mechanical Components.
7.4.1 The piping distribution system shall be inspected to determine that it is in compliance with the design and installa¬tion documents.
7.4.2 Nozzles and pipe size shall be in accordance with system drawings.
7.4.3 Means of pipe size reduction and attitudes of tees shall be checked for conformance to the design.
7.4.4 Piping joints, discharge nozzles, and piping supports shall be securely fastened to prevent unwanted vertical or lateral movement during discharge.
7.4.5 Discharge nozzles shall be installed in such a manner that piping cannot become detached during discharge.
7.4.6 During assembly, the piping distribution system shall be inspected internally to detect the possibility of any oil or partic¬ulate matter soiling the hazard area or affecting the agent distribution due to a reduction in the effective nozzle orifice area.
7.4.7 The discharge nozzle shall be oriented in accordance with the nozzle listing.
7.4.8 If nozzle deflectors are installed, they shall be positioned per the equipment listing.
7.4.9 The discharge nozzles, piping, and mounting brackets shall be installed in such a manner that they will not potentially cause injury to personnel.
7.4.10 Agent shall not directly impinge on areas where personnel could be found in the normal work area.
7.4.11 Agent shall not direcdy impinge on any loose objects or shelves, cabinet tops, or similar surfaces where loose objects could be present and become projectiles.
7.4.12 All agent storage containers shall be located in accord¬ance with an approved set of system drawings.
7.4.13 All containers and mounting brackets shall be fastened securely in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.
7.4.14 The pipe system shall be pressure-tested in a closed circuit using nitrogen or other dry gas.
7.4.14.1 The pipe shall be pressurized to at least 40 psi (276 kPa).
7.4.14.2 After removing the source of pressurizing gas, the pressure in the pipe shall not be less than 80 percent of the test pressure after 10 minutes.
7.4.14.3 The pressure test shall be permitted to be omitted if the total piping contains no more than one change in direction fitting between the storage container and the discharge nozzle and if all piping has been physically checked for tightness.
7.4.15* A flow test using nitrogen or an inert gas shall be performed on the piping network to verify that flow is continu¬ous.
7.5 Review of Enclosure Integrity.
7.5.1 It shall be determined that the protected enclosure is in general conformance with the construction documents.
7.5.2 All total flooding systems shall have the enclosure exam¬ined and tested to locate and then effectively seal any signifi¬cant air leaks that could result in a failure of the enclosure to hold the specified agent concentration level for the specified holding period.
7.5.3* Quantitative results shall be obtained and recorded to indicate that the specified agent concentration for the speci¬fied duration of protection is in compliance with Section 5.6, using an approved blower fan unit or other means as approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (For guidance, see Annex C.)
7.6 Review of Electrical Components.
7.6.1 All wiring systems shall be installed in compliance with local codes and the system drawings.
7.6.2 Alternating current (ac) and direct current (dc) wiring shall not be combined in a common conduit or raceway unless shielded and grounded.
7.6.3 All field circuits shall be free of ground faults and short circuits.
7.6.3.1 Where field circuitry is being measured, all electronic components, such as smoke and flame detectors or special elec¬tronic equipment for other detectors or their mounting bases, shall be removed and jumpers shall be installed to prevent the possibility of damage within these devices.
7.6.3.2 Components removed in accordance with 7.6.3.1 shall be replaced after measuring.
7.6.4 Power shall be supplied to the control unit from a sepa¬rate dedicated source that will not be shut down upon system operation.
2001-23
APPROVAL OF INSTALLATIONS
7.6.5 Adequate and reliable primary and 24-hour minimum standby sources of energy shall be used to provide for opera¬tion of the detection, signaling, control, and actuation require¬ments of the system.
7.6.6* All auxiliary functions such as alarm-sounding or displaying devices, remote annunciators, air-handling shut¬down, and power shutdown shall be checked for operation in accordance with system requirements and design specifications.
7.6.7 Silencing of alarms, if permitted, shall not affect other auxiliary functions.
7.6.8 The detection devices shall be checked for type and loca¬tion as specified on the system drawings.
7.6.9* Detectors shall not be located near obstructions or air ventilation and cooling equipment that would affect their response characteristics.
7.6.10* The design of the detection system must take into consideration the volume of air changes within the protected area.
7.6.11 The detectors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s technical data and the requirements of NFPA 72.
7.6.12 Manual Pull Stations.
7.6.12.1 Manual pull stations shall be securely mounted.
7.6.12.2 The operable part of a manual pull station shall be not less than 42 in. (1.07 m) and not more than 48 in. (1.22 m) from the finished floor.
7.6.12.3 Manual pull stations shall be installed so that they are conspicuous, unobstructed, and accessible.
7.6.12.4* All manual pull stations shall be identified as to the hazard they protect, the function they perform, and their method of operation.
7.6.12.5 All manual stations used to release agents shall require two separate and distinct actions for operation.
7.6.13 Systems with Main/Reserve Capability. For systems with a main/re serve capability, the main/reserve switch shall be installed in accordance with the system manufacturer’s design, installation, and maintenance manual and the system drawings.
7.6.13.1 For systems with a main/reserve capability, the main/ reserve switch shall be installed in accordance with the system manufacturer’s design, installation, and maintenance manual and the system drawings.
7.6.13.2 If installed, the main/reserve switch shall be identi¬fied.
7.6.14 Systems Using Abort Switches.
7.6.14.1 Abort switches shall be of the deadman type requir¬ing constant manual pressure.
7.6.14.2 Switches that remain in the abort position when released shall not be used for this purpose.
7.6.14.3 Abort switches shall be installed so that they are read¬ily accessible within the hazard.
7.6.14.4 Abort switches shall be securely mounted.
7.6.14.5 Abort stations shall be installed so they are conspicu¬ous, unobstructed, and accessible.
7.6.14.6 The operable part of an abort switch shall be not less than 42 in. (1.07 m) and not more than 48 in. (1.22 m) from the finished floor.
7.6.14.7 Manual pull stations shall always override abort switches.
7.6.15 The releasing control unit shall be installed in accord¬ance with the system documentation and readily accessible.
7.7 Functional Testing.
7.7.1 Preliminary Functional Tests.
7.7.1.1 If the system is connected to an alarm receiving office, the alarm receiving office shall be notified that the fire system test is to be conducted and that an emergency response by the fire department or alarm station personnel is not desired.
7.7.1.2 All personnel in areas that could be affected by the testing at the end user’s facility shall be notified that a test is to be conducted.
7.7.1.3* All personnel in areas that could be affected by the testing at the end user’s facility shall be instructed as to events that could occur during testing of the fire extinguishing system.
7.7.1.4* Each agent storage container release mechanism shall be disabled or replaced with a functional device so that activation of the release circuit will not release agent.
7.7.1.5 Each detector shall be tested for operation.
7.7.1.6 All polarized alarm devices and auxiliary relays shall be checked for polarity in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
7.7.1.7 Initiating and notification circuits shall be checked for end-of-line devices, if required.
7.7.1.8 All supervised circuits shall be tested for trouble response.
7.7.2 System Functional Operational Test.
7.7.2.1 Each detection initiating circuit shall be operated to verify that all alarm functions occur according to design specifi¬cations.
7.7.2.2 Each manual release shall be operated to verify that manual release functions occur according to design specifica¬tions.
7.7.2.3 Each abort switch circuit shall be operated to verify that abort functions occur according to design specifications and that visual and audible supervisory signals are annunciated at the control panel.
7.7.2.4 All automatic valves shall be tested to verify operation unless testing the valve will release agent or damage the valve (destructive testing).
7.7.2.5 Pneumatic equipment, where installed, shall be tested for integrity to ensure operation.
7.7.3 Remote Monitoring Operations.
7.7.3.1 Each type of initiating device shall be operated while on standby power to verify that an alarm signal is received at the remote panel after the device is operated.
7.7.3.2 A fault condition shall be applied to each initiating or notification circuit to verify receipt of a trouble condition at the remote station.
7.7.3.3 Each supervised device shall be operated to verify receipt of a supervisory condition at the remote station.
7.7.4 Control Panel Primary Power Source. A primary power failure shall be initiated in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification to verify that the system operates on standby power.
7.7.5 Return of System to Operational Condition.
7.7.5.1 When functional testing is completed, the system shall be returned to its fully operational condition.
7.7.5.2 The alarm-receiving office and all concerned person¬nel at the end user’s facility shall be notified that the fire system test is complete and that the system has been returned to full service condition.
7.8 Owner’s Documentation.
7.8.1 Paper or electronic copies of all test reports and related documentation shall be provided to the system owner.
7.8.2 The system owner shall maintain these reports for the life of the system.
7.9 Training.
7.9.1 All persons who could be expected to operate fire extin¬guishing systems shall be trained and kept trained in the func¬tions they are expected to perform.
7.9.2* Personnel working in an enclosure protected by a clean agent shall receive training regarding agent safety issues.
Chapter 8 Inspection, Servicing, Testing, Maintenance, and Training
8.1 General. The responsibility for inspection, testing, main¬tenance, and recharging of the fire protection system shall ulti¬mately be that of the owner(s) of the system, provided that this responsibility has not been transferred in written form to a management company, tenant, or other party.
8.1.1 Safety. Safe procedures shall be observed during inspec¬tion, servicing, maintenance, testing, handling, and recharging of clean agent systems and agent containers. (See A. 7.1.)
8.1.2 Fire Protection Service Technician. Personnel that inspect, service, test, and maintain clean agent fire extinguish¬ing systems shall have knowledge and experience of the main¬tenance and servicing requirements contained in this standard, of the equipment being serviced or maintained, and of the servicing or maintenance methods and requirements contained in the manufacturer’s design, installation, and main¬tenance manual and any applicable bulletins.
8.2* Monthly Inspection.
8.2.1 At least monthly, a visual inspection shall be conducted in accordance with the manufacturer’s listed maintenance manual or owner’s manual.
8.2.2 At a minimum, the inspection shall include verification of the following, as applicable:
(1) Releasing panel is powered and is free of supervisory, trouble, or alarm conditions.
(2) Manual controls are unobstructed.
(3) System shows no physical damage or condition that could prevent operation.
(4) Pressure gauges are in the operable range.
(5) Protected equipment and/or hazard has not been changed or modified.
(6) Any previously noted deficiencies have been corrected.
8.2.3 If any deficiencies are found, appropriate corrective action shall be taken immediately.
8.2.4 Where the corrective action involves maintenance or repair, it shall be conducted by a fire protection service techni¬cian, in accordance with 8.1.2.
8.2.5 When inspections are conducted, a record verifying that the inspection was completed shall be maintained by the owner.
8.2.5.1 The record shall include the date the inspection was performed and the initials of the person performing the inspection.
8.2.5.2 The record shall include any deficiencies that were found.
8.2.5.3 The records shall be retained until the next semian¬nual service and inspection.
8.3 Semiannual Service and Inspection. At least semiannually, the agent quantity and pressure of refillable containers shall be checked.
8.3.1 For halocarbon clean agents with a means of pressure indication, if a container shows a loss in agent quantity of more than 5 percent or a loss in pressure (adjusted for temperature) of more than 10 percent, it shall be refilled or replaced.
8.3.2 For halocarbon agent containers without a means of pressure indication, if a container shows a loss in agent quan¬tity of more than 5 percent, it shall be refilled or replaced.
8.3.3* Halocarbon clean agent removed from containers during service or maintenance procedures shall be recovered and recycled or disposed of in accordance with any applicable laws and regulations.
8.3.4* For inert gas clean agents, if a container shows a loss in pressure (adjusted for temperature) of more than 5 percent, it shall be refilled or replaced.
8.3.5 Where container pressure gauges are used to comply with 8.3.4, they shall be compared to a separate calibrated device at least annually.
8.3.6 Where the quantity of agent in the container is deter¬mined by special measuring devices, these devices shall be listed.
8.3.7 The following information shall be recorded on a tag attached to the container:
(1) Date of inspection
(2) Person performing the inspection
(3) Type of agent
(4) Gross weight of the container and net weight of agent (halocarbon clean agents only)
2001-25
INSPECTION, SERVICING, TESTING, MAINTENANCE, AND TRAINING
(5) Container pressure and temperature (halocarbon clean agents with a gauge and inert gas clean agents)
8.4 Annual Inspection and Service. At least annually, all systems shall be inspected, serviced, and tested for operation by qualified personnel, in accordance with 8.1.2.
8.4.1 Discharge tests shall not be required.
8.4.2* A service report with recommendations shall be filed with the owner of the system.
8.4.3 The service report shall be permitted to be stored and accessed using paper or electronic media.
8.4.4 System Hoses.
8.4.4.1 All system hoses shall be examined annually for damage.
8.4.4.2 If visual examination shows any deficiency, the hose shall be immediately replaced or tested as specified in Section 8.7.
8.4.5 Enclosure Inspection.
8.4.5.1 The protected enclosure shall be inspected annually or monitored by a documented administrative program for changes in barrier integrity or enclosure dimensions.
8.4.5.2* Where changes could result in the inability of the enclosure to maintain the clean agent concentration, the conditions shall be corrected.
8.5* Maintenance.
8.5.1 These systems shall be maintained in full operating condition at all times.
8.5.2 Actuation, impairment, and restoration of this protec¬tion shall be reported promptly to the authority having jurisdic¬tion.
8.5.3 Any impairments shall be corrected.
8.5.4 Enclosure Maintenance.
8.5.4.1* Any penetrations made through the enclosure protec¬ted by the clean agent shall be sealed immediately.
8.5.4.2 The method of sealing shall restore the original fire resistance rating of the enclosure.
8.6* Container Test.
8.6.1* U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Canadian Transport Commission (CTC), or similar design clean agent containers shall not be recharged without retesting if more than 5 years have elapsed since the date of the last test and inspection.
8.6.1.1 For halocarbon agent storage containers, the retest shall be permitted to consist of a complete visual inspection as described in 49 CFR.
8.6.1.2 For inert gas agent storage containers, the retest shall be in accordance with U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Canadian Transport Commission (CTC), or similar design and requalification regulations.
8.6.2* Containers continuously in service without discharging shall be given a complete external visual inspection every 5 years or more frequendy if required.
8.6.2.1 The visual inspection shall be in accordance with Section 3 of CCA C-6, except that the containers need not be stamped while under pressure.
8.6.2.2 The results of the inspection shall be recorded on both of the following:
(1) A record tag permanendy attached to each container
(2) A suitable inspection report
8.6.2.3 A completed copy of the container inspection report shall be furnished to the owner of the system or an authorized representative.
8.6.2.4 These records shall be retained by the owner for the life of the system.
8.6.2.5 Where external visual inspection indicates that the container has been damaged, additional strength tests shall be required in accordance with applicable transportation regula¬tions.
8.7 Hose Test.
8.7.1 All hoses shall be tested or replaced every 5 years.
8.7.2 A test pressure equal to 1 % times the maximum container pressure at 130°F (54.4°C) shall be applied within 1 minute and maintained for 1 minute.
8.7.3 The testing procedure shall be as follows:
(1) The hose is removed from any attachment.
(2) The hose assembly is then placed in a protective enclo¬sure designed to permit visual observation of the test.
(3) The hose must be completely filled with water before test¬ing.
(4) Pressure then is applied at a rate-of-pressure rise to reach the test pressure within 1 minute. The test pressure is then maintained for 1 full minute. Observations are then made to note any distortion or leakage.
(5) After observing the hose for leakage, movement of couplings, and distortion, the pressure is released.
8.7.4 The hose assembly shall be considered to pass if all of the following criteria are met:
(1) No loss of pressure during the test
(2) No movement of the couplings while under pressure
(3) No permanent distortion of the hose
8.7.5 Each hose assembly that passes the hydrostatic test shall be marked with the date of the test.
8.7.6* Each hose assembly that passed the test shall be dried internally before being reinstalled.
8.7.7 Each hose assembly that fails the hydrostatic test shall be marked and destroyed.
8.8 Training. All persons who could be expected to inspect, service, test, or maintain fire extinguishing systems shall be trained and kept trained in the functions they are expected to perform.
Chapter 9 Marine Systems
9.1 General. This chapter outlines the deletions, modifica¬tions, and additions that are necessary for marine applications. All other requirements of NFPA 2001 shall apply to shipboard systems except as modified by this chapter. Where the provi¬sions of Chapter 9 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 1 through Chapter 8, the provisions of Chapter 9 shall take prec¬edence.
9.1.1 Scope. This chapter is limited to marine applications of clean agent fire extinguishing systems on commercial and government vessels. Explosion inerting systems were not considered during development of this chapter.
9.2 Use and Limitations.
9.2.1* Total flooding clean agent fire extinguishing systems shall be used primarily to protect hazards that are in enclosures or equipment that, in itself, includes an enclosure to contain the agent.
9.2.2* In addition to the limitations given in 1.4.2.2, clean agent fire extinguishing systems shall not be used to protect the following:
(1) Diy cargo holds
(2) Bulk cargo
9.2.3 The effects of agent decomposition products and combustion products on fire protection effectiveness and equipment shall be considered where using clean agents in hazards with high ambient temperatures (e.g., incinerator rooms, hot machinery and piping).
9.3 Hazards to Personnel.
9.3.1 Other than the engine rooms identified in 9.3.1.1, all other main machinery spaces shall be considered normally occupied spaces.
9.3.1.1 Engine rooms of 6000 ft3 (170 m3) or less that are accessed for maintenance only shall not be required to comply with 9.3.1.
9.3.2* For marine systems, electrical clearances shall be in accordance with 46 CFR, Subchapter J, “Electrical Engineer¬ing.”
9.4 Agent Supply.
9.4.1 Reserve quantities of agent shall not be required by this standard.
9.4.2* Storage container arrangement shall be in accordance with 4.1.3.1 and 4.1.3.3 through 4.1.3.5. Where equipment is subject to extreme weather conditions, the system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s design and installation instructions.
9.4.2.1 Except in the case of systems with storage cylinders located within the protected space, pressure containers required for the storage of the agent shall be in accordance with 9.4.2.2.
9.4.2.2 Where the agent containers are located outside a protected space, they shall be stored in a room that shall be situated in a safe and readily accessible location and shall be effectively ventilated so that the agent containers are not exposed to ambient temperatures in excess of 130°F (55°C). Common bulkheads and decks located between clean agent container storage rooms and protected spaces shall be protec¬ted with A-60 class structural insulation as defined by 46 CFR 72. Agent container storage rooms shall be accessible without having to pass through the space being protected. Access doors shall open outward, and bulkheads and decks, including doors and other means of closing any opening therein, that form the boundaries between such rooms and adjoining spaces shall be gastight.
9.4.3 Where agent containers are stored in a dedicated space, doors at exits shall swing outward.
9.4.4 Where subject to moisture, containers shall be installed such that a space of at least 2 in. (51 mm) between the deck and the bottom of the container is provided.
9.4.5 In addition to the requirements of 4.1.3.4, containers shall be secured with a minimum of two brackets to prevent movement from vessel motion and vibration.
9.4.6* For marine applications, all piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be protected inside and out against corrosion except as permitted in 9.4.6.1.
9.4.6.1 Closed sections of pipe and valves and fittings within closed sections of pipe shall be required to be protected against corrosion only on the outside.
9.4.6.2 Other than as permitted in 9.4.6.1, prior to acceptance testing, the inside of the piping shall be cleaned without compromising its corrosion resistance.
9.4.7* Pipes, fittings, nozzles, and hangers, including welding filling materials, within the protected space shall have a melt¬ing temperature greater than 1600°F (871 °C). Aluminum components shall not be used.
9.4.8 Piping shall extend at least 2 in. (51 mm) beyond the last nozzle in each branch line to prevent clogging.
9.5 Detection, Actuation, and Control Systems.
9.5.1 General.
9.5.1.1 Detection, actuation, alarm, and control systems shall be installed, tested, and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction.
9.5.1.2* For spaces greater than 6000 ft3 (170 m3), automatic release of the fire extinguishing agent shall not be permitted where actuation of the system can interfere with the safe navi¬gation of the vessel. Automatic release of the fire extinguishing agent shall be permitted for any space where actuation of the system will not interfere with the safe navigation of the vessel.
9.5.1.2.1 Automatic release shall be permitted for any space of 6000 ft3 (170 m3) or less.
9.5.2 Automatic Detection.
2001-27
MARINE SYSTEMS
9.5.2.1 Electrical detection, signaling, control, and actuation system(s) shall have at least two sources of power. The primary source shall be from the vessel’s emergency bus. For vessels with an emergency bus or battery, the backup source shall be either the vessel’s general alarm battery or an internal battery within the system. Internal batteries shall be capable of operat¬ing the system for a minimum of 24 hours. All power sources shall be supervised.
Total flooding clean agent fire extinguishing systems are used primarily to protect hazards that are in enclosures or equipment that, in itself, includes an enclosure to contain the agent. Some typical hazards that could be suitable include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Electrical and electronic hazards
(2) Subfloors and other concealed spaces
(3) Flammable and combustible liquids and gases
(4) Other high-value assets
(5) Telecommunications facilities
Clean agent systems could also be used for explosion preven¬tion and suppression where flammable materials could collect in confined areas.
A. 1.4.2.3 The provision of an enclosure can create an unnec¬essary explosion hazard where otherwise only a fire hazard exists. A hazard analysis should be conducted to determine the relative merits of differing design concepts — for example, with and without enclosures — and the most relevant means of fire protection.
A. 1.4.2.4 This provision provides consideration for using a clean agent in an environment that could result in an inordi¬nate amount of products of decomposition (e.g., within an oven).
A. 1.5.1 Potential hazards to be considered for individual systems are the following:
(1) Noise. Discharge of a system can cause noise loud enough to be startling but ordinarily insufficient to cause trau¬matic injury.
(2) Turbulence. High-velocity discharge from nozzles could be sufficient to dislodge substantial objects directly in the path. System discharge can cause enough general turbu¬lence in the enclosures to move unsecured paper and light objects.
(3) Cold temperature. Direct contact with the vaporizing liquid being discharged from a system will have a strong chilling effect on objects and can cause frostbite burns to the skin. The liquid phase vaporizes rapidly when mixed with air and thus limits the hazard to the immediate vicinity of the discharge point. In humid atmospheres, minor reduction in visibility can occur for a brief period due to the condensation of water vapor.
A. 1.5.1.1 The discharge of clean agent systems to extinguish a fire could create a hazard to personnel from the natural form of the clean agent or from the products of decomposition that result from exposure of the agent to the fire or hot surfaces. Unnecessary exposure of personnel either to the natural agent or to the decomposition products should be avoided.
The SNAP Program was originally outlined in the Federal Register, “EPA SNAP Program.”