EN 54-12 Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 12: Smoke detectors – Line detectors using an optical beam

— Part 1: Introduction;
— Part 2: Control and indicating equipment;
— Part 3: Fire alarm devices — Sounders;
— Part 4: Power supply equipment;
— Part 5: Heat detectors — Point detectors;
— Part 7: Smoke detectors — Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization;
— Part 11: Manual call points;
— Part 12: Smoke detectors — Line detectors using an optical light beam [the present document];
— Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components;
— Part 14: Guidelines for planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance [CEN Technical Specification];
— Part 16: Voice alarm control and indicating equipment;
— Part 17: Short circuit isolators;
— Part 18: Input/output devices;
— Part 20: Aspirating smoke detectors;
— Part 21: Alarm transmission and fault warning routing equipment;
— Part 22: Resettable line-type heat detectors [currently at acceptance stage];
— Part 23: Fire alarm devices — Visual alarms devices;
— Part 24: Components of voice alarm systems — Loudspeakers;
— Part 25: Components using radio links;
— Part 26: Carbon monoxide detectors — Point detectors;
— Part 27: Duct smoke detectors;
— Part 28: Non-resettable line type heat detectors [currently at drafting stage];
— Part 29: Multi-sensor fire detectors — Point detectors using a combination of smoke and heat sensors;
— Part 30: Multi-sensor fire detectors — Point detectors using a combination of carbon monoxide and heat sensors;
— Part 31: Multi-sensor fire detectors — Point detectors using a combination of smoke, carbon monoxide and optionally heat sensors;
— Part 32: Planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance of voice alarm systems [currently at acceptance stage].

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for line detectors using an optical beam that detect smoke by utilizing the attenuation and/or changes in attenuation of an optical beam, for use in fire detection and fire alarm systems installed in buildings (see EN 54-1:2011).
This European Standard provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of line detectors using an optical beam to this EN.
This European Standard does not cover:
.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 54-1:2011, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 1: Introduction
EN 54-7:2000, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 7: Smoke detectors — Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
EN 50130-4:2011, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard: Immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder, hold up, CCTV, access control and social alarm systems
EN 60064:1995, Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes — Performance requirements (IEC 60064:1993, modified)
EN 60068-1:2014, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance (IEC 60068-1:2013)
EN 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests — Test A: Cold (IEC 60068-2-1:2007)
EN 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests — Test B: Dry heat (IEC 60068-2-2:2007)
EN 60068-2-6:2008, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2¬6:2007)
EN 60068-2-42:2003, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests — Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and connections (IEC 60068-2-42:2003)
EN 60068-2-75:2014, Environmental testing — Part 2-75: Tests — Test Eh: Hammer tests (IEC 60068-2¬75:2014)
EN 60068-2-78:2013, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state (IEC 60068-2-78:2012)
EN 60081:1998, Double-capped fluorescent lamps — Performance specifications (IEC 60081:1997) 3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 54-1:2011 and the following apply.
3.1
line detector using an optical beam
detector consisting at least of a transmitter and a receiver, and which may include reflector(s), for the detection of smoke by the attenuation and/or changes in attenuation of an optical beam
3.2
transmitter
component from which the optical beam emanates
3.3
receiver
component which receives the optical beam
3.4
optical path length
total distance traversed by the optical beam between the transmitter and the receiver
3.5
opposed component
component [transmitter and receiver or transmitter-receiver and reflector(s)] of the beam detector whose position determines the optical path
3.6
separation
physical distance between the opposed components [transmitter and receiver or transmitter-receiver and reflector(s)]
3.7
attenuation
value “A”, expressed in dB, of the reduction in intensity of the optical beam at the receiver, defined by the following formula:
A = 10 log^c/I) where
I0 is the received intensity without reduction in intensity; I is the received intensity after reduction in intensity
3.8
response value
level of attenuation at which an alarm signal is produced
4 Requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this standard line detectors using an optical beam shall meet the requirements of this clause, which shall be verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment and shall be tested in accordance with Clause 5 and shall meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Operational reliability
4.2.1 Individual alarm indication
Each detector shall be provided with an integral red visible indicator, by means of which each individual detector which releases an alarm can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.1.
4.2.2 Connection of ancillary devices
If the detector provides for connections to ancillary devices (e.g. remote indicators, control relays), open or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.2.
4.2.3 Manufacturer’s adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer’s settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a special code or tool, or by breaking or removing a seal). To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.3.
4.2.4 On-site adjustment of response value
If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the response value of the detector then:
These adjustments may be carried out at the detector or at the control and indicating equipment.
To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.4.
The detector shall be designed so that a sphere of diameter (1,3 ± 0,05) mm cannot pass into any enclosure containing active opto-electronic components, when the detector is in operational condition. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.5.
4.2.6 Monitoring of detachable detectors and connections
For detachable detectors, a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system (e.g. the control and indicating equipment) to detect the removal of the head from the base, in order to give a fault signal.
If there are cables connecting separate parts of the detector, then a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system (e.g. the control and indicating equipment) to detect a short or open circuit on those cables, in order to give a fault signal. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.6.
4.2.7 Requirements for software controlled detectors (when provided)
4.2.7.1 General
For detectors which rely on software control the requirements of 4.2.7.2, 4.2.7.3 and 4.2.7.4 shall be met. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.7.
4.2.7.2 Software documentation
4.2.7.2.1 The manufacturer shall submit documentation which gives an overview of the software design. This documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this standard and shall include at least the following:
a) a functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or structogram) including:
To enable correct operation of the detectors, these data should describe the requirements for the correct processing of the signals from the detector. This may be in the form of a full technical specification of these signals, a reference to the appropriate signalling protocol or a reference to suitable types of control and indicating equipment etc.
4.2.7.2.2 The manufacturer shall have available detailed design documentation, which only needs to be provided if required by the testing authority. It shall comprise at least the following:
4.2.7.3 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the detector, the following requirements for software design shall apply:
4.2.7.4 The storage of programs and data
The program necessary to comply with this standard and any preset data, such as manufacturer’s settings, shall be held in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this program and data shall only be possible by the use of some special tool or code and shall not be possible during normal operation of the detector.
Site-specific data shall be held in memory which will retain data for at least two weeks without external power to the detector, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of power, within 1 h of power being restored.
4.3 Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity
4.3.1 Reproducibility
The sensitivity of the detector shall not vary unduly from specimen to specimen and there is a need to establish response value data for comparison with the response values measured after the environmental tests. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.3.1.
4.3.2 Repeatability
The detector shall demonstrate a stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity even after a number of alarm conditions. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.3.2.
4.3.3 Tolerance to beam misalignment
The operation of the detector should not be affected when subject to small angular inaccuracies in alignment (within the maximum stated by the manufacturer) resulting from installation and/or movement in the structure of a building. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.3.3.
4.3.4 Rapid changes in attenuation
The detector shall produce alarm or fault signals, within an acceptable time, after a sudden large sustained increase in beam attenuation. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.3.4.
4.3.5 Response to slowly developing fires
The provision of “drift compensation” (e.g. to compensate for sensor drift due to the build-up of dirt in the detector), shall not lead to a significant reduction in the detector’s sensitivity to slowly developing fires. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.5.
The detector shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this clause if:
NOTE Further information about the assessment of these requirements is given in Annex H.
4.3.6 Optical path length dependence
The response value of the detector shall not change significantly when it is installed with the minimum and maximum optical path length stated by the manufacturer. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.3.6.
4.3.7 Stray light
The detector shall be immune to false alarms caused by stray light generated by artificial light sources. The response value of the detector shall not change significantly when subject to stray light. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.3.7.
4.4 Tolerance to supply voltage – Variation in supply parameters
Within the specified range(s) of the supply parameters (e.g. voltage) the sensitivity of the detector shall not be unduly dependent on these parameters. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.4.
4.5 Performance parameters under fire conditions – Fire sensitivity
The detector shall demonstrate adequate sensitivity to a broad spectrum of smoke types as required for general application in fire detection systems for buildings. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.5.1.
4.6 Durability of nominal activation conditions/sensitivity 4.6.1 Temperature resistance
4.6.1.1 Dry heat (operational)
The detector shall function correctly at high ambient temperatures, which may occur for short periods in the service environment. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.1.1.
The detector shall function correctly at low ambient temperatures appropriate to the anticipated service environment. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.1.2.
4.6.2 Humidity resistance
4.6.2.1 Damp heat, steady-state (operational)
The detector shall function correctly at high relative humidity (without condensation), which may occur for short periods in the anticipated service environment. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.2.1.
4.6.2.2 Damp heat, steady-state (endurance)
The detector shall withstand the long term effects of humidity in the service environment (e.g. changes in electrical properties of materials, chemical reactions involving moisture, galvanic corrosion). To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.2.2.
4.6.3 Vibration resistance
4.6.3.1 Vibration (endurance)
The detector shall withstand the long term effects of vibration at levels appropriate to the service environment. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.3.1.
4.6.3.2 Impact (operational)
The detector shall withstand mechanical impacts upon its surface, which it may sustain in the normal service environment and which it can reasonably be expected to withstand. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.3.2.
4.6.4 Electrical stability – Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Immunity tests (operational)
The detector shall be immune to Electromagnetic influences. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.4.
4.6.5 Corrosion resistance – Sulphur dioxide (SO2) corrosion (endurance)
The detector shall withstand the corrosive effects of sulphur dioxide as an atmospheric pollutant. To confirm this, the detector shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.5.
5 Testing, assessment and sampling methods 5.1 General
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the testing shall be carried out after the test specimen has been allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as described in EN 60068-1 as follows:
If variations in these parameters have a significant effect on a measurement, then such variations should be kept to a minimum during a series of measurements carried out as part of one test on one specimen.
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, the specimen shall be connected to suitable supply and monitoring equipment with characteristics as required by the manufacturer’s data. Unless otherwise specified in the test method, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall be set within the manufacturer’s specified range(s) and shall remain substantially constant throughout the tests. The value chosen for each parameter shall normally be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range.
If a test procedure requires a specimen to be monitored to detect any alarm or fault signals, then connections shall be made to any necessary ancillary devices (e.g. through wiring to an end-of-line device for conventional detectors) to allow a fault signal to be recognized.
The details of the supply and monitoring equipment and the alarm criteria used shall be given in the test report.
5.1.3 Mounting arrangements
The specimen shall be mounted by its normal means of attachment and aligned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. If these instructions describe more than one method of mounting, the method considered to be most unfavourable shall be chosen for each test.
5.1.4 Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be as given in the basic reference standards for the test (e.g. the relevant part of EN 60068).
If a requirement or a test procedure does not specify a tolerance or deviation limits, deviation limits of ± 5 % shall be applied.
5.1.5 Measurement of response value
5.1.5.1 General
The specimen, for which the response value shall be measured, shall be installed on the measuring bench, conforming to Annex A, in its normal operating position, by its normal means of attachment in accordance with 5.1.3.
The specimen shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment in accordance with 5.1.2, and shall be allowed to stabilize for at least 15 min unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
The response value shall be recorded as C.
5.1.5.2 Operating conditions
On a rigid support assemble the receiver at a longitudinal distance of at least 500 mm from the transmitter or the transmitter – receiver at the same distance from the reflector (see Figure A.1), then place a filter holder as close as possible to the front of the receiver (or as indicated in Annex A), adjusting the filter holder so that the whole beam passes through the filter. This filter holder shall be used to mount the filters used during the measurement of response value.
The height h separating the axis of the optical beam above the support shall be 10 times the diameter (or the vertical dimension) of the optical system of the receiver.
Adjustment for path length or alignment, if required, shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the response value shall be measured with a simulated maximum separation carried out using means agreed by the manufacturer.
5.1.5.3 Measurements
The response value is determined by the value of the lowest value test filter required to give an alarm within 30 s after introduction in the beam. The minimum resolution for optical density filters shall be in accordance with Table A.1.
5.1.6 Provision for tests
The following shall be provided for testing compliance with this standard:
a) seven detectors;
b) the data specified in Annex I.
The specimens submitted shall be representative of the manufacturer’s normal production with regard to their construction and calibration.
This implies that the mean response value of the seven specimens, found in the reproducibility test should also represent the production mean, and that the limits specified in the reproducibility test should also be applicable to the manufacturer’s production.
5.1.7 Test schedule
The specimens shall be tested in accordance with the test schedule in Table 1. After the reproducibility test, the two least sensitive specimens (i.e. those with the highest response values) shall be numbered 6 and 7, and the others shall be numbered 1 to 5.
5.2 Operational reliability
5.2.1 Individual alarm indication
The visible indicator shall be inspected to verify that the detector meets the requirements for individual alarm indication as specified in 4.2.1.
5.2.2 Connection of ancillary devices
An engineering assessment shall be carried out for the correct operation of the detector with an open-circuit or a short-circuit applied at the connections for ancillary devices, as specified in 4.2.2.
5.2.3 Manufacturer’s adjustments
A visual inspection of a specimen and supporting data shall be conducted to verify that the detector meets the requirements for manufacturer adjustments as specified in 4.2.3.
5.2.4 On-site adjustment of response value
A visual inspection of a specimen and supporting data shall be conducted to verify that the detector meets the requirements for manufacturer adjustments as specified in 4.2.4.
A sphere of diameter (1,3 ± 0,05) mm shall be used to verify that the detector meets the requirements for protection against the ingress of foreign bodies as specified in 4.2.5.
5.2.6 Monitoring of detachable detectors and connections
An engineering assessment shall be carried out to verify that the detector meets the requirements for monitoring of detachable detectors and connections as specified in 4.2.6.
5.2.7 Additional requirements for software controlled detectors
For detectors that rely on software for their operation, a visual inspection of samples of documentation provided by the manufacturer shall be conducted to verify that the device complies with the requirements specified in 4.2.7.
5.3 Normal activation conditions/sensitivity
5.3.1 Reproducibility
5.3.1.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to show that the sensitivity does not vary unduly from specimen to specimen and to establish response value data for comparison with the response values measured after the environmental tests.
5.3.1.2 Test procedure
Adjust the specimens to the maximum sensitivity.
Measure the response value of each of the specimens in accordance with 5.1.5.
The mean of these response values shall be calculated and shall be designated Crep.
The maximum response value shall be designated Cmax and the minimum value shall be designated Cmin.
5.3.3.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to show that small angular inaccuracies in alignment (within the maximum stated by the manufacturer), resulting from installation and/or movement in the structure of a building do not unduly affect the operation of the detector.
5.3.3.2 Test procedure
5.3.3.2.1 State of the specimen during conditioning
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity, and mount in accordance with 5.1.3 with the maximum separation.
Connect in accordance with 5.1.2.
5.3.3.3 Test requirements
The specimen shall not emit a fault or an alarm signal whilst being rotated in the directions specified within the angular tolerances stated by the manufacturer (see Annex I).
The specimen shall emit an alarm signal no more than 30 s after the total introduction of the attenuator specified in 5.3.3.2.2.
The maximum angle of misalignment declared by the manufacturer shall be greater than 0,4°.
5.3.4 Rapid changes in attenuation
5.3.4.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to ensure that it will produce alarm or fault signals, within an acceptable time, after a sudden large sustained increase in beam attenuation.
5.3.4.2 Test procedure
The specimen shall emit an alarm signal no more than 30 s after the total introduction of the attenuator A between the components.
The specimen shall emit a fault or alarm signal no more than 60 s after the total introduction of the attenuator B between the components.
A fire alarm signal shall not be cancelled by a fault resulting from a rapid change in obscuration.
5.3.5 Response to slowly developing fires
An assessment of the detector’s response to slow increases in smoke density shall be made by analysis of the circuit/software, by physical test or by simulations to verify that the detector meets the requirements specified in 4.3.5.
5.3.6 Optical path length dependence
5.3.6.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to ensure that the response value does not change significantly when it is tested over the minimum and maximum optical path length stated by the manufacturer.
5.3.6.2 Test procedure
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity, and mount and connect in accordance with 5.1.5.
With the agreement of the manufacturer this test may be carried out outside of the limits of atmospheric conditions of 5.1.1.
Measure the response value in accordance with 5.1.5 at the minimum and maximum separations in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
The maximum response value shall be designated Cmax and the minimum value shall be designated Cmin. 5.3.6.3 Test requirements Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6. 5.3.7 Stray light
5.3.7.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its immunity to stray light generated by artificial light sources.
After the end of the 2 h period in 5.3.7.2.3, and with the lamps on, measure the response value in accordance with 5.1.5 but in the conditions of Annex G.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.3.7.2 Test requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning in 5.3.7.2.3. Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6.
5.4 Tolerance to supply voltage — Variation of supply parameters
5.4.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to show that, within the specified range(s) of the supply parameters (e.g. voltage), its sensitivity is not unduly dependent on these parameters.
5.4.2 Test procedure
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity.
Measure the response value of the specimen in accordance with 5.1.5 under the extremes of the specified conditions (e.g. minimum and maximum voltage).
The maximum response value shall be designated Cmax and the minimum value shall be designated Cmin.
For conventional detectors the supply parameter is the dc voltage applied to the detector. For other types of detector (e.g. analogue addressable) signal levels and timing may need to be considered. If necessary the manufacturer may be requested to provide suitable supply equipment to allow the supply parameters to be changed as required.
5.4.3 Test requirements
Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6.
5.5 Performance parameters under fire conditions 5.5.1 Fire sensitivity
5.5.1.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to show that it has adequate sensitivity to a broad spectrum of smoke types as required for general application in fire detection systems for buildings.
The specimens are mounted in a standard fire test room and are exposed to a series of test fires designed to produce smoke, representative of a wide spectrum of types of smoke and
The measuring ionization chamber (MIC) and the obscuration meter shall be in accordance with EN 54-7. 5.5.1.2.2 Test fires
Subject the specimens to the four test fires TF2 to TF5. The type, quantity, condition (e.g. moisture content) and arrangement of the fuel and the method of ignition shall be in accordance with Annex C, Annex D, Annex E to Annex F for each test fire, along with the end of the test condition and the required profile curve limits.
In order to be a valid test fire, the development of the fire shall be such that the profile curves of m against y, and m against time fall within the specified limits, up to the time when all of the specimens have generated an alarm signal, or the end of the test condition is reached, whichever is the earlier. If these conditions are not met, the test shall be deemed invalid and repeated.
An additional test fire at the minimum separation is required if the manufacturer claims a minimum separation which is less than the (8 ± 0,5) m length of the fire test room. 5.5.1.2.5 defines the method of recording the value of ma for each specimen for each test fire. The test fire which produced the greatest value of ma measured in 5.5.1.2.5 should be used.
It is permissible, and can be necessary, to adjust the quantity and arrangement of the fuel to obtain valid test fires.
5.5.1.2.3 State of the specimens during the test
Adjust the sensitivity to the minimum recommended for the separation applied, as indicated in manufacturer’s data.
Any adjustment for path length or alignment shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Install the specimens on the fire test room ceiling in the designated place, in accordance with Annex B.
Mount each specimen in accordance with 5.1.3, connect to its supply and monitoring equipment in accordance with 5.1.2 and allow to stabilize in its quiescent condition before the start of each test fire.
If the size of the test room does not allow the detector to be tested at its maximum specified separation, means agreed by the manufacturer shall be placed in the optical path to simulate the specified separation for this test.
Detectors which dynamically modify their sensitivity in response to varying ambient conditions, can require special reset procedures and/or stabilization times. The manufacturer’s guidance should be sought in such cases to ensure that the state of the detector at the start of each test fire is representative of its normal quiescent state.
5.5.1.2.4 Initial conditions
Before each test fire clean the specimens and any attenuator(s) in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Before each test fire ventilate the room with clean air until it is free from smoke. Switch off the ventilation system and close all doors, windows and other openings. Allow the air in the room to be stabilized and obtain the following conditions before the test is started: (23 ± 5) °C;
negligible (see the last paragraph below); y < 0,05; m < 0,02 dB m-1.
The stability of the air and temperature affects the smoke flow within the room. This is particularly important for the test fires, which produce low thermal lift for the smoke (e.g. TF2 and TF3). It is therefore recommended that the difference between the temperature near the floor and the ceiling is < 2 K, and that local heat sources that can cause convection currents (e.g. lights and heaters) should be avoided. If it is necessary for people to be in the room at the beginning of a test fire, they should leave as soon as possible, taking care to produce minimum disturbance to the air.
The alarm signal given by the supply and monitoring equipment shall be taken as the indication that a specimen has responded to the test fire.
The time of the response of each specimen shall be recorded along with the fire parameters dTa, ya and ma, at the moment of response. Ignore any response of the detector after the end of test condition has been reached.
5.5.1.3 Test requirements
The two specimens shall emit an alarm signal, in each test fire, with ma < 0,7 dB m-1. 5.6 Durability of nominal activation conditions/sensitivity 5.6.1 Temperature resistance 5.6.1.1 Dry heat (operational)
5.6.1.1.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to function correctly at high ambient temperatures, which may occur for short periods in the service environment.
5.6.1.1.2 Test procedure 5.6.1.1.2.1 Reference
Temperature T: Air movement: Smoke density (ionization): Smoke density (optical):
5.6.1.1.2.3 Measurements during conditioning
The specimen shall be monitored during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
5.6.1.1.2.4 Intermediate measurements
At the end of the conditioning period, whilst the specimen is still in the conditioning atmosphere, place an attenuator equivalent to response value of 6 dB in the optical path.
5.6.1.1.2.5 Final measurements
After a recovery period of at least 1 h at the standard atmospheric conditions, measure the response in accordance with 5.1.5.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.6.1.1.3 Test requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning.
The detector shall emit an alarm signal no more than 30 s after the total introduction of the attenuator specified in 5.6.1.1.2.5.
Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6. 5.6.1.2 Cold (operational)
5.6.1.2.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to function correctly at low ambient temperatures appropriate to the anticipated service environment.
5.6.1.2.2 Test procedure 5.6.1.2.2.1 Reference
There shall be no ice or frost on the detector during the conditioning.
5.6.1.2.2.3 Measurements during conditioning
Monitor the specimen during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
5.6.1.2.2.4 Intermediate measurements
At the end of the conditioning period, whilst the specimen is still in the conditioning atmosphere, place an attenuator equivalent to response value of 6 dB in the optical path.
5.6.1.2.2.5 Final measurements
After a recovery period of at least 1 h at the standard atmospheric conditions, measure the response value in accordance with 5.1.5.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.6.1.2.3 Test requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning.
The detector shall emit an alarm signal no more than 30 s after the total introduction of the attenuator specified in 5.6.1.2.2.5.
Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6.
5.6.2 Humidity resistance
5.6.2.1 Damp heat, steady-state (operational)
5.6.2.1.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to function correctly at high relative humidity (without condensation), which may occur for short periods in the anticipated service environment.
5.6.2.1.2 Test procedure 5.6.2.1.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-78:2013, Test Cab, and as described below.
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity, and mount and connect in accordance with 5.1.5.
5.6.2.1.2.3 Conditioning
5.6.2.1.2.4 Measurements during conditioning
Monitor the specimen during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
5.6.2.1.2.5 Final measurements
After a recovery period of at least 1 h at the standard atmospheric conditions, measure the response value in accordance with 5.1.5.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.6.2.1.3 Test requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning. Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6. 5.6.2.2 Damp heat, steady-state (endurance)
5.6.2.2.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to withstand the long term effects of humidity in the service environment (e.g. changes in electrical properties of materials, chemical reactions involving moisture, galvanic corrosion).
5.6.2.2.2 Test procedure
5.6.2.2.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-78:2013, Test Cab, and as described below.
5.6.2.2.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity and mount in accordance with 5.1.5 but it shall not be supplied with power during the conditioning.
5.6.2.2.2.4 Final measurements
After a recovery period of at least 1 h at the standard atmospheric conditions, measure the response value in accordance with 5.1.5.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.6.2.2.3 Test requirements
Cmjn shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6. 5.6.3 Vibration resistance 5.6.3.1 Vibration (endurance)
5.6.3.1.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to withstand the long term effects of vibration at levels appropriate to the service environment.
5.6.3.1.2 Test procedure
5.6.3.1.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-6:2008, Test Fc, and as described below.
5.6.3.1.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity.
Each component (one after the other or together) shall be mounted in accordance with 5.1.3 to a rigid fixture but shall not be supplied with power during conditioning.
The vibration shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular axes, in turn. The component shall be mounted so that one of the three axes is perpendicular to its normal mounting axis.
5.6.3.1.2.3 Conditioning
The following conditioning shall be applied:
It is necessary to ensure that the alignment of the vibration equipment should not significantly change after the test.
5.6.3.1.2.4 Final measurements
After the conditioning, measure the response value in accordance with 5.1.5. without readjusting angular alignment.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.6.3.1.3 Test requirements
Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6. 5.6.3.2 Impact (operational)
5.6.3.2.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its immunity to mechanical impacts upon its surface, which it may sustain in the normal service environment and which it can reasonably be expected to withstand.
5.6.3.2.2 Test procedure
5.6.3.2.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-75:2014, Test Eh, and as described below.
5.6.3.2.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity, and mount and connect in accordance with 5.1.5.
5.6.3.2.2.3 Conditioning
For each component of the detector in turn, apply impacts to each point on the component which is deemed to be susceptible to mechanical damage that would impair the correct operation of the detector, up to a maximum of 20 points on each component (e.g. lenses, windows and devices used for adjusting alignment may be deemed susceptible to damage). No two points at which the impacts are applied shall be less than 20 mm apart.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the results from one series of three blows do not influence subsequent series. In case of doubt with regard to the influence of preceding blows, the defect shall be disregarded and a further three blows shall be applied to the same position on a new specimen.
Where the application of the impact apparatus does not obscure the optical beam, monitor the specimen to detect any alarm or fault signals.
5.6.3.2.2.5 Final measurements
After the conditioning, measure the response value in accordance with 5.1.5.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.6.3.2.3 Test requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning except when the beam is obstructed by the impact apparatus.
Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6.
5.6.4 Electrical stability – Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), immunity tests (operational)
The following EMC immunity tests shall be conducted in accordance with EN 50130-4:
5.6.5 Corrosion resistance — Sulphur dioxide (SO2) corrosion (endurance)
5.6.5.1 Object of the test
The detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to withstand the corrosive effects of sulphur dioxide as an atmospheric pollutant.
5.6.5.2 Test procedure
5.6.5.2.1 Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-42:2003, Test Kc, and as described below.
5.6.5.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
Adjust the specimen to the maximum sensitivity.
The detector shall be mounted in accordance with 5.1.3. It shall not be supplied with power during the conditioning, but it shall have untinned copper wires, of appropriate diameter, connected to sufficient terminals to allow the final measurements to be made, without making further connections to the component(s).
5.6.5.2.3 Conditioning
The following conditioning shall be applied:
5.6.5.2.4 Final measurements
Immediately after the conditioning, the specimen shall be subjected to a drying period of 16 h at (40 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity not greater than 50 %, followed by a recovery period of 1 h to 2 h at the standard laboratory conditions.
After this recovery period, measure the response value as described in 5.1.5.
The greater of the response values measured in this test and that measured for the same specimen in the reproducibility test, shall be designated Cmax and the lesser shall be designated Cmin.
5.6.5.3 Test requirements
Cmin shall not be less than 0,4 dB.
The ratio of the response values Cmax: Cmin shall not be greater than 1,6.
6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) 6.1 General
The compliance of the line detectors using an optical beam with the requirements of this Standard and with the performances declared by the manufacturer in the DoP shall be demonstrated by:
— factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment.
The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take responsibility for the conformity with its declared performance(s).
6.2 Type testing
6.2.1 General
All performances related to characteristics included in this standard shall be determined when the manufacturer intends to declare the respective performances unless the standard gives provisions for declaring them without performing tests. (e.g. use of previously existing data, CWFT and conventionally accepted performance).
Assessment previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard, may be taken into account provided that they were made to the same or a more rigorous test method, under the same AVCP system on the same product or products of similar design, construction and functionality, such that the results are applicable to the product in question.
NOTE Same AVCP system means testing by an independent third party under the responsibility of a notified product certification body.
For the purpose of assessment manufacturer’s products may be grouped into families where it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the family are representative for that same characteristics for all products within that same family.
Products may be grouped in different families for different characteristics.
Reference to the assessment method standards should be made to allow the selection of a suitable representative sample.
In addition, the determination of the product type shall be performed for all characteristics included in the standard for which the manufacturer declares the performance:
— at the beginning of the production of a new or modified line detectors using an optical beam (unless a member of the same product range), or
— at the beginning of a new or modified method of production (where this may affect the stated properties); or
they shall be repeated for the appropriate characteristic(s), whenever a change occurs in the line detectors using an optical beam design, in the raw material or in the supplier of the components, or in the method of production (subject to the definition of a family), which would affect significantly one or more of the characteristics.
Where components are used whose characteristics have already been determined, by the component manufacturer, on the basis of assessment methods of other product standards, these characteristics need not be re-assessed. The specifications of these components shall be documented.
Products bearing regulatory marking in accordance with appropriate harmonized European specifications may be presumed to have the performances declared in the DoP, although this does not replace the responsibility on the manufacturer to ensure that the line detectors using an optical beam as a whole are correctly manufactured and their component products have the declared performance values.
The number of samples of the line detectors using an optical beam to be tested/assessed shall be in accordance with Table 3.
6.3.2 Requirements
6.3.2.1 General
The manufacturer is responsible for organizing the effective implementation of the FPC system in line with the content of this product standard. Tasks and responsibilities in the production control organization shall be documented and this documentation shall be kept up-to-date.
The responsibility, authority and the relationship between personnel that manages, performs or verifies work affecting product constancy shall be defined. This applies in particular to personnel that need to initiate actions preventing product non-constancies from occurring, actions in case of non-constancies and to identify and register product constancy problems.
Personnel performing work affecting the constancy of performance of the product shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, skills and experience for which records shall be maintained.
In each factory the manufacturer may delegate the action to a person having the necessary authority to:
6.3.2.2 Equipment
6.3.2.2.1 Testing
All weighing, measuring and testing equipment shall be calibrated or verified or both and according to documented procedures, frequencies and criteria to ensure consistency with measuring requirements. All calibrated or verified equipment shall have identification in their status.
6.3.2.2.2 Manufacturing
All equipment used in the manufacturing process shall be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure use, wear or failure does not cause inconsistency in the manufacturing process. Inspections and maintenance shall be carried out and recorded in accordance with the manufacturer’s written procedures and the records retained for the period defined in the manufacturer’s FPC procedures.
6.3.2.3 Raw materials and components
The specifications of all incoming raw materials and components shall be documented, as shall the inspection scheme for ensuring their compliance. In case supplied kit components are used, the constancy of performance system of the component shall be that given in the appropriate harmonized technical specification for that component.
6.3.2.4 Traceability and marking
Individual products shall be identifiable and traceable with regard to their production origin. The manufacturer shall have written procedures ensuring that processes related to affixing traceability codes and/or markings are inspected regularly.
6.3.2.5 Controls during manufacturing process
The manufacturer shall plan and carry out production under controlled conditions.
6.3.2.6 Product testing and evaluation
The manufacturer shall establish procedures to ensure that the declared performance of the characteristics is maintained. The characteristics, and the means of control, are indicated in Clause 4 and Clause 5.
6.3.2.7 Non-complying products
The manufacturer shall have written procedures which specify how non complying products shall be dealt with. Any such events shall be recorded as they occur and these records shall be kept for the period defined in the manufacturer’s written procedures.
Where the product fails to satisfy the acceptance criteria, the provisions for non-complying products shall apply, the necessary corrective action(s) shall immediately be taken and the products or batches not complying shall be isolated and properly identified.
regularly inspected the monitoring and order to determine
Once the fault has been corrected, the test or verification in question shall be repeated.
The results of controls and tests shall be recorded. The product description, date of manufacture, test method adopted, test results and acceptance criteria shall be entered in the records under the signature of the person responsible for the control/test.
With regard to any control result not meeting the requirements of this European standard, the corrective measures taken to rectify the situation (e.g. a further test carried out, modification of manufacturing process, throwing away or putting right of product) shall be indicated in the records.
6.3.2.8 Corrective action
The manufacturer shall have documented procedures that instigate action to eliminate the cause of non¬conformities in order to prevent recurrence.
6.3.2.9 Handling, storage and packaging
The manufacturer shall have procedures providing methods of product handling and shall provide suitable storage areas preventing damage or deterioration.
The manufacturer shall establish and maintain records that provide evidence that the production has been sampled and tested. These records shall show clearly whether the production has satisfied the defined acceptance criteria and shall be available for at least three years.
Initial inspection of factory and of FPC shall be carried out when the production process has been finalized and in operation. The factory and FPC documentation shall be assessed to verify that the requirements of 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are fulfilled.
During the inspection it shall be verified:
a) that all resources necessary for the achievement of the product characteristics included in this European Standard are in place and correctly implemented,
and
b) that the FPC-procedures in accordance with the FPC documentation are followed in practice and
c) that the product complies with the product type samples, for which compliance of the product performance to the DoP has been verified.
All locations where final assembly or at least final testing of the relevant product is performed shall be assessed to verify that the above conditions a) to c) are in place and implemented.
If the FPC system covers more than one product, production line or production process, and it is verified that the general requirements are fulfilled when assessing one product, production line or production process, then the assessment of the general requirements does not need to be repeated when assessing the FPC for another product, production line or production process.
All assessments and their results shall be documented in the initial inspection report.
6.3.7 One-off products, pre-production products, (e.g. prototypes) and products produced in very low quantities
Line detectors using an optical beam produced as a one-off, prototypes assessed before full production is established and products produced in very low quantities (less than 50 per year) are assessed as follows:
For type assessment, the provisions of 6.2.1, 3rd paragraph apply, together with the following additional provisions:
— in the case of prototypes, the test samples shall be representative of the intended future production and shall be selected by the manufacturer;
— on request of the manufacturer, the results of the assessment of prototype samples may be included in a certificate or in test reports issued by the involved third party.
The FPC system of one-off products and products produced in very low quantities shall ensure that raw materials and/or components are sufficient for production of the product. The provisions on raw materials and/or components shall apply only where appropriate. The manufacturer shall maintain records allowing traceability of the product.
For prototypes, where the intention is to move to series production, the initial inspection of the factory and FPC shall be carried out before the production is already running and/or before the FPC is already in practice. The FPC-documentation and the factory shall be assessed.
In the initial assessment of the factory and FPC it shall be verified:
a) that all resources necessary for the achievement of the product characteristics included in this European Standard will be available, and
b) that the FPC procedures in accordance with the FPC documentation will be implemented and followed in practice, and
c) that procedures are in place to demonstrate that the factory production processes can produce a component complying with the requirements of this European Standard and that the component will be the same the samples used for the determination of the product type, for which compliance with this European standard has been verified.
Once series production is fully established, the provisions of 6.3 shall apply.
7 Classification and designation
No classification of line detectors using an optical beam is specified in this European Standard.
8 Marking, labelling and packaging
The line detectors using an optical beam shall be marked with the following information:
a) the number and date of this European Standard, EN 54-12:2015;
b) the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
c) the model designation (type or number);
d) some mark(s) or code(s) (e.g. serial number or batch code), by which the manufacturer can identify, at least, the date or batch and place of manufacture, and the version number(s) of any software, contained within the detectors;
e) the wiring terminal designations.
For detachable detectors, the detector head shall be marked with a), b), c) and d) and the base shall be marked with c) and e). For detectors with a separate reflector, the reflector shall be marked with c).
Where any marking on the device uses symbols or abbreviations not in common use then these shall be explained in the data supplied with the device.
The marking shall be visible during installation of the line detectors using an optical beam and shall be accessible during maintenance.
The markings shall not be placed on screws or other easily removable parts.
Where regulatory marking provisions require information on some or all items listed in this clause, the requirements of this clause concerning those common items are deemed to be met.
The line detectors using an optical beam shall either be supplied with sufficient data to enable their correct operation or, if all of these data are not supplied with each line detector using an optical beam, reference to the appropriate data sheet(s) or technical manual shall be given on, or with each line detector using an optical beam.
NOTE Further data also considered beneficial when installing, maintaining and operating the line detectors using an optical beam are given in Annex I.
Bench for response value measurements
A.1 Technical characteristics of the attenuators
To simulate the effect of smoke on the detector, an attenuation shall be achieved by obscuration with a filter. The filter shall be placed such that it completely obscures the optical beam path and shall be placed to optimize the repeatability of the measurement of the response value.
Where possible, the filter should be positioned as close as possible to the receiver, but this should be agreed with the manufacturer as it may not be a suitable position for all arrangements of detector. For example, on a detector with a separate reflector opposite a combined transmitter and receiver it may not be possible to cover only the receiver, it is then allowed to cover both the transmitter and the receiver simultaneously (see 3.8).
Filters used shall have a defined and appropriate spectral response over the wavelength band(s) used by the detector. The filter obscuration should be defined at the principal wavelength used by the detector.
Figure B.2 — Mounting positions for measuring instruments
The Measuring Ionization Chamber (MIC), the temperature probe and the measuring part of obscuration meter shall be within the above volume.
Dimensions in metres
The MIC, and the mechanical parts of the obscuration meter shall be at least 100 mm apart, measured to the nearest edges.
Smouldering (pyrolysis) wood fire (TF2)
C.1 Fuel
Approximately 10 dried beechwood sticks (moisture content = 5 %), each stick having dimensions of approximately 75 mm x 25 mm x 20 mm.
C.2 Hotplate
The hotplate shall have a 220 mm diameter grooved surface with 8 concentric grooves, each being 2 mm deep and 5 mm wide, with the outer groove 4 mm from the edge and a distance of 3 mm between grooves. The hotplate shall have a rating of approximately 2 kW.
The temperature of the hotplate surface shall be measured by a sensor attached to the 5th groove, counted from the edge of the hotplate, and secured to provide a good thermal contact.
C.3 Arrangement
The sticks shall be arranged on the grooved hotplate surface, with the 20 mm side in contact with the surface such that the temperature probe lies between the sticks and is not covered, as shown in Figure C.1.